Questions and Answers
What is the pharmacological class of Salmeterol?
What is the mechanism of action of Salmeterol?
Activates sympathetic receptors in airway smooth muscle, inducing relaxation.
Salmeterol is indicated for acute asthma attacks.
False
Which of the following drugs is an ultrashort-, short-, and intermediate-acting beta agonist?
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What is Ipratropium bromide primarily used for?
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What is a side effect of Beclomethasone long term use?
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What is the pharmacological class of Zafirlukast?
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What is the primary mechanism of Zafirlukast?
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Study Notes
Salmeterol
- Bronchodilator classified as a Beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and sympathomimetic.
- Activates sympathetic receptors in airway smooth muscle, inducing relaxation.
- Used as prophylactic treatment for exercise-induced asthma.
- Onset of action is 15-25 minutes; duration of effect lasts up to 12 hours.
- Not indicated for use during acute asthma attacks.
Albuterol
- Categorized as an ultrashort-, short-, and intermediate-acting beta agonist.
- Primarily used for treating acute asthma attacks.
Terbutaline
- Another ultrashort-, short-, and intermediate-acting beta agonist.
- Employed to manage acute asthma attacks effectively.
Epinephrine
- Falls under the ultrashort-, short-, and intermediate-acting beta agonist category.
- Utilized in the treatment of acute asthma attacks.
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
- Inhalation agent also indicated for COPD with relatively good safety profile.
- Has a slower onset and is less effective compared to beta agonists.
- Sometimes combined with beta agonists to enhance bronchodilation duration.
- May cause xerostomia and a bad taste, which can be minimized through inhalation administration.
Beclomethasone
- Functions as an asthma prophylactic and anti-inflammatory agent with glucocorticoid classification.
- Mechanism includes blocking inflammatory cell actions, increasing anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing edema and mucus secretion.
- Enhances smooth muscle sensitivity to beta-agonists.
- Prolonged use can mask infections and increase the risk of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
- Commonly prescribed in conjunction with beta-agonists for acute attack management.
Zafirlukast
- Serves as an asthma prophylactic agent with anti-inflammatory properties, classified as a leukotriene modifier.
- Mechanism involves blocking leukotriene receptors to reduce inflammation.
- Leukotrienes are inflammatory cytokines released from mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
- Related medications: Montelukast (Singulair) and Zileuton (Zyflo), which inhibit leukotriene synthesis or activity.
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Test your knowledge on drugs used to treat asthma with these flashcards. Learn about key medications like Salmeterol and Albuterol, their classifications, mechanisms of action, and indications for use. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike!
