Cardiovascular drug overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of a "SARTAN"?

Inhibits renin

Blocks influx of calcium (correct)

Increases potassium levels

Blocks sodium channels

Select the thiazides

hydrochlorothiazide (correct)

chlorthalidone (correct)

furosemide

amiloride

Furosemide is a

thiazide

loop diuretic (correct)

potassium sparring diuretic

ACE inhibitor

Amiloride and spironolactone are

potassium sparing diuretics Signup and view all the answers

Hypotension and hypokalemia are common adverse effects for all EXCEPT

Spironolactone Signup and view all the answers

ACE inhibitors MOA is

preventing conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 Signup and view all the answers

Catopril and lisinopril are examples of

ACE inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

select all that apply to ARBs (Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers)

have common suffix "-SARTAN" Signup and view all the answers

Aliskiren is a kind of

Renin inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Diphenylalkylamines (Verapamil), Benzothiazepines (Diltiazem) and dihydropyridines (AMLODIPINE) are examples of

Calcium channel blocker Signup and view all the answers

Gingival hyperplasia is associated with

Amlodipine Signup and view all the answers

Select all that apply to Beta-Blockers (atenolol, metoprolol) ("OLOL")

act directly on heart to reduce cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Select all that apply to alpha blockers ("-ZOCIN"; prazocin, terazocin, doxazoxcin)

relax the smooth muscles of the vascular walls, lowering peripheral vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which drug type is used to abort an established MI

nitrates Signup and view all the answers

Digoxin is a

cardiac glycoside Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin) work by (Select all that apply)

Increase intercellular sodium concentration Signup and view all the answers

Anti-platelet drugs include (select all that apply)

clopidogrel Signup and view all the answers

Antithrombotic drugs include (select all that apply)

heparin Signup and view all the answers

Most cardiac patients can easily handle how many dental anesthetic cartridges with epinephrine 1;100,000

2 Signup and view all the answers

The combination of epinephrine and propanolol may lead to

hypertensive reactions Signup and view all the answers

Pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes in the oral cavity is associated with

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

Which drug type can cause gingival hyperplasia

calcium channel blockers Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiencing chest pain should be given

.4 mg nitroglycerin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Direct Renin Inhibitors

Prilreduce can cause severe hypotension
Example of a direct renin inhibitor is Aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitors block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Mechanism of Action

Blocks the influx of calcium (Ca) and prevents angiotensin II (AP) production

Adverse Effects

Can cause severe hypotension, especially when standing up or sitting
Phylaxis prevention is necessary to prevent bleeding risk
Can increase INR (International Normalized Ratio), increasing bleeding risk (INR 2: 2x bleeding risk, INR 3: 3x bleeding risk)

Contraindications

Heart Attack: blocks sodium intake, increasing the risk of cardiac complications
Clotting prevention: prevents blood clotting, increasing bleeding risk