6 Questions
What is the primary cause of hypertension?
Increased peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone
What percentage of patients with hypertension have an unknown cause?
90%
What is a risk factor for hypertension?
Stress
What is a complication of hypertension?
Chronic kidney disease
What is a predisposing factor for hypertension?
High intake of sodium
What is the term for hypertension with no known cause?
Essential hypertension
Study Notes
Hypertension (HTN)
- HTN results from increased peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone, leading to increased arteriolar resistance and reduced capacitance of the venous system.
- The cause of elevated vascular tone is unknown.
Risk Factors and Complications of HTN
- HTN is a risk factor for:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Myocardial infarction (MI)
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Blindness
Etiology of HTN
- Essential HTN: accounts for 90% of patients with unknown cause.
- Predisposing factors for HTN:
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Stressful lifestyle
- High intake of sodium
- Smoking
- Race
- Family history
Classification of Blood Pressure
- Normal blood pressure categories:
- Systolic (mm Hg)
- Diastolic (mm Hg)
Learn about the pharmacology of antihypertension drugs, including their effects on peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone and blood pressure.
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