Pharmacology of Acid Secretion Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of antacids?

  • Stimulate acid secretion
  • Aid in digestion
  • Buffer gastric acid (correct)
  • Increase stomach acidity

    • Alginates are commonly used as a standalone treatment for acid secretion disorders.

    False

    Name one common active ingredient found in antacid medications.

    Aluminum hydroxide

    Antacids raise the gastric pH to levels that are less harmful to ________ tissues.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antacid components with their descriptions:

    <p>Aluminum hydroxide = Buffers gastric acid Calcium carbonate = Commonly found in OTC antacids Magnesium hydroxide = Helps relieve constipation Rennie® = Brand name for an antacid product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key example of a histamine H2-receptor antagonist?

    <p>Famotidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium alginate helps to decrease basal acid secretion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is associated with the stimulation of gastrin release?

    <p>Acetylcholine (ACh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histamine acts on the H2-Receptor to promote _____ secretion.

    <p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their effects or roles:

    <p>Sodium Alginate = Helps with reflux symptoms Histamine = Stimulates acid secretion Somatostatin = Inhibits acid secretion Gastrin = Stimulates the gastric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proton pump inhibitors in acid secretion?

    <p>Irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatostatin decreases acid secretion by inhibiting gastrin release.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a key example of a proton pump inhibitor.

    <p>Omeprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proton pump inhibitors are activated in an ________ environment.

    <p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>Muscarinic Receptor = Stimulates secretion of gastric acid H2-Receptor = Increases parietal cell activity Somatostatin = Inhibits gastrin release Histamine = Promotes acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Omeprazole?

    <p>Irreversibly inactivates the H+/K+-ATPase pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reflux oesophagitis is caused by the excess production of gastric acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor do PGE2 and somatostatin primarily affect?

    <p>Receptors on parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NSAIDs can lead to increased acid secretion and are a common cause of __________.

    <p>peptic ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their roles:

    <p>Histamine = Stimulates acid secretion Somatostatin = Inhibits gastrin release Gastrin = Stimulates gastric acid secretion PGE2 = Protects gastric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of histamine on the H2 receptor?

    <p>Stimulates gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single dose of Omeprazole is effective for 2-3 days regarding acid secretion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Reflux Oesophagitis?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peptic stricture is a complication of Reflux Oesophagitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medications are proton pump inhibitors considered?

    <p>Prescribed drugs of choice for all but mild cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    H. pylori is a spiral-shaped __________ bacterium.

    <p>Gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the treatments with their respective conditions:

    <p>Amoxicillin = H. pylori infection Lansoprazole = Treatment of ulcers Antacids = Mild gastroesophageal reflux H2-receptor antagonists = Mild cases of reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do prostaglandins play in the gastric mucosal barrier?

    <p>Stimulate gastric mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NSAIDs promote the renewal of the gastric mucosal barrier.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of urease produced by H. pylori?

    <p>Breaks down urea into CO2 and NH3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drugs to Treat Disorders of Acid Secretion

    • Antacids are basic substances that counteract stomach acidity by buffering gastric acid, raising gastric pH.
      • Examples: Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate (Rennie®)
    • Alginates are anionic polysaccharides that form a viscous gel when combined with water.
      • Examples: Sodium alginate (Gaviscon®)
      • Often combined with antacids for reflux oesophagitis.
      • Increases stomach content viscosity, acting as a raft to protect the oesophageal mucosa from acid reflux.
      • Reduces reflux symptoms.

    Physiology of Acid Secretion

    • The parietal cell is the primary site of acid secretion.
    • Acid secretion is regulated by:
      • Acetylcholine from cholinergic nerves acting on muscarinic receptors.
      • Histamine released from ECL cells acting on H2 receptors.
      • Gastrin from G cells acting on gastrin receptors.
      • Somatostatin from D cells inhibits acid secretion.
      • Prostaglandin E2 inhibits acid secretion.

    Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

    • Examples: Famotidine
    • Competitively inhibit histamine from binding to H2 receptors on parietal cells, decreasing basal and stimulated acid secretion.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

    • Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+-ATPase, the proton pump in parietal cells, responsible for the final step in acid secretion.
    • Examples: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole
    • More effective than H2 receptor antagonists.
    • Inactive at neutral pH.
    • Accumulate in parietal cell secretory canaliculi and are activated in an acidic environment.
    • A single dose affects acid secretion for 2-3 days.

    Common Conditions Requiring Treatment of Excess Acid Secretion

    • Reflux Oesophagitis: Inflammation of the lower oesophagus caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).
      • Symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, haematemesis
      • Complications: Oesophageal ulceration, peptic stricture, Barrett's oesophagus
      • Treatment: Antacids, alginates, H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs.
    • Peptic Ulcer:
      • Causes:
        • NSAID use: NSAIDs impair gastric mucosal barrier renewal by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
        • H. pylori infection: Helicobacter pylori infection damages stomach and duodenal tissue.

    Prostaglandins

    • Function: Involved in healing processes, inflammation, and blood flow.
    • Synthesis: Derived from arachidonic acid, catalyzed by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
    • NSAID action: NSAIDs inhibit COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
    • Gastric Mucosal Barrier: Prostaglandins stimulate gastric mucus production, bicarbonate secretion, inhibit acid production, and promote tissue repair.

    Helicobacter pylori Infection

    • Characteristics: Spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that damages stomach and duodenal tissue.
    • Action: Produces urease, which breaks down urea to ammonia (NH3); NH3 neutralizes gastric acid.
    • Mechanism of Damage:
      • Penetrates mucus barrier, facilitating acid penetration.
      • NH3, other bacterial products, and acid damage epithelial cells.
    • Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin) and PPIs (e.g., Lansoprazole).
    • Outcome: Eradication of H. pylori can lead to long-term remission of ulcers.

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    Phase 1 Block 1 Pharmacology Drugs to Treat Acid Secretion PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key drugs used to treat acid secretion disorders, including antacids and alginates. You'll learn about their mechanisms, examples, and how they alleviate symptoms such as acid reflux. Perfect for students of pharmacology looking to deepen their understanding of gastrointestinal treatments.

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