Pharmacology: Noradrenaline and Salbutamol Mechanism of Action
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with adrenaline on the central nervous system?

  • Tremors (correct)
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiac arrest
  • What is the primary therapeutic use of adrenaline when given by subcutaneous injection with local anesthetics?

  • Decrease bleeding (correct)
  • Decrease systemic absorption
  • Treat hypertension
  • Prolong duration of action of anesthetic
  • In which emergency situation would adrenaline be administered by inhalation or subcutaneously?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Acute bronchial asthma (correct)
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Why are patients with hyperthyroidism contraindicated from receiving adrenaline?

    <p>To prevent cerebral hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenaline at the adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Direct agonist at all types of adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are patients using non-selective beta blockers contraindicated from receiving adrenaline?

    <p>It may lead to a massive increase in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of noradrenaline (norepinephrine)?

    <p>Agonist on alpha receptors in blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nasal decongestants like phenylephrine and oxymetazoline?

    <p>Activation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is NOT associated with the use of salbutamol (albuterol)?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rebound congestion, a common side effect of nasal decongestants?

    <p>Inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by overuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should long-term use of beta-2 agonists like salbutamol be combined with ICS in asthma treatment?

    <p>To minimize bronchial hyperresponsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is contraindicated to use intranasal phenylephrine due to the risk of life-threatening hypertension?

    <p>Children under 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can it take for rebound congestion to resolve after stopping decongestant use?

    <p>Up to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of midodrine (prodrug of methoxamine)?

    <p>Treatment of low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect associated with using nasal sprays containing phenylephrine for an extended period?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of phenylephrine?

    <p>Acts as a selective alpha-1 agonist on blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT attributed to the use of beta-2 agonists like formoterol?

    <p>Decrease in vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of intranasal saline as a decongestant in infants?

    <p>To reduce inflammation in the nasal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

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