18 Questions
Which of the following is a side effect associated with adrenaline on the central nervous system?
Tremors
What is the primary therapeutic use of adrenaline when given by subcutaneous injection with local anesthetics?
Decrease bleeding
In which emergency situation would adrenaline be administered by inhalation or subcutaneously?
Acute bronchial asthma
Why are patients with hyperthyroidism contraindicated from receiving adrenaline?
To prevent cerebral hemorrhage
What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenaline at the adrenergic receptors?
Direct agonist at all types of adrenergic receptors
Why are patients using non-selective beta blockers contraindicated from receiving adrenaline?
It may lead to a massive increase in blood pressure
What is the main mechanism of action of noradrenaline (norepinephrine)?
Agonist on alpha receptors in blood vessels
What is the mechanism of action of nasal decongestants like phenylephrine and oxymetazoline?
Activation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa
Which side effect is NOT associated with the use of salbutamol (albuterol)?
Bradycardia
What is rebound congestion, a common side effect of nasal decongestants?
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by overuse
Why should long-term use of beta-2 agonists like salbutamol be combined with ICS in asthma treatment?
To minimize bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Which age group is contraindicated to use intranasal phenylephrine due to the risk of life-threatening hypertension?
Children under 2 years
How long can it take for rebound congestion to resolve after stopping decongestant use?
Up to 1 year
What is the main use of midodrine (prodrug of methoxamine)?
Treatment of low blood pressure
What is a potential side effect associated with using nasal sprays containing phenylephrine for an extended period?
Hypertension
Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of phenylephrine?
Acts as a selective alpha-1 agonist on blood vessels
Which effect is NOT attributed to the use of beta-2 agonists like formoterol?
Decrease in vascular permeability
What is the primary purpose of intranasal saline as a decongestant in infants?
To reduce inflammation in the nasal mucosa
Learn about the mechanism of action of Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and Salbutamol (albuterol), including their uses and side effects. Understand how Noradrenaline increases blood pressure by agonizing alpha receptors on blood vessels, while Salbutamol acts as a selective beta 2 agonist on bronchi to control acute symptoms of bronchial asthma.
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