Pharmacology Key Concepts

The dose-response curve primarily illustrates the relationship between medication dose and which of the following?

Stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors is most likely to directly cause which effect?

Bioavailability refers to what characteristic of a medication?

What is the correct sequence in the body's natural production of the sympathomimetic hormones?

A medication is categorized as an antagonist if:

Which components are represented by the mnemonic SLUDGEM related to cholinergic effects?

Which of the following options correctly lists typical anticholinergic symptoms a patient might exhibit?

A patient experiencing cholinergic toxicity is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Which of the following medication groups are classified as adrenergic receptor agonists?

Which of the following sets of medications are known as adrenergic receptor antagonists?

Which set of medications would be classified as cholinergic receptor antagonists?

In which organ does a medication typically undergo first-pass metabolism?

What is the primary intended effect of administering Dobutamine to a patient?

Activation of alpha-1 receptors in the body typically leads to which of the following?

If a medication possesses a negative chronotropic effect, it will directly cause:

Stimulation of beta-1 receptors in the heart primarily results in which combination of effects?

What physiological response is most directly associated with the stimulation of beta-2 receptors?

Which of the following is a direct effect of stimulating alpha-1 receptors in the body?

Stimulation of alpha-2 receptors typically results in:

When does the first-pass metabolism of a medication occur?

What type of drug would you administer to cause a negative inotropic effect on the heart?

A client experiences profound sedation when fentanyl is administered alongside midazolam due to synergistic effects. This effect is called:

What does the therapeutic index of a medication indicate?

Which of the following is a common toxic effect associated with beta-blocker medications?

If a medication is said to have a high affinity for a specific receptor, what does this imply about the medication?

A medication that acts as a partial agonist will likely do which of the following?

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are primarily involved in which process related to medication?

Two medications are known to compete for the same binding sites on plasma proteins. What is a likely outcome of administering these medications together?

What is the main implication of a drug having a narrow therapeutic window?

If a drug is described as having a high first-pass effect, which route of administration would likely result in the lowest bioavailability?

What does the term 'up-regulation' of receptors refer to?

Which factor primarily determines the duration of action of a drug?

What is the primary effect of a drug that acts as a competitive antagonist?

A drug interaction that results in one drug inhibiting the metabolism of another would likely lead to:

If a medication is highly protein-bound, what effect will this have on its distribution in the body?

Which of the following routes of administration typically results in the most rapid onset of drug action?

What is the primary purpose of administering a loading dose of a medication?

Describe the term 'steady state' in pharmacokinetics.