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Questions and Answers
Which branch of medicine is concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering?
Which branch of medicine is concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering?
- Chemistry
- Pathophysiology
- Microbiology
- Therapeutics (correct)
What is the difference between a drug and a medication?
What is the difference between a drug and a medication?
- A medication is always prescribed by a health care professional, while a drug is not.
- A medication is a natural plant extract, while a drug is produced by a pharmaceutical manufacturer.
- There is no difference between a drug and a medication.
- A drug is capable of producing a biological response, while a medication may not always do so. (correct)
What type of drugs can patients obtain without consultation with a health care provider?
What type of drugs can patients obtain without consultation with a health care provider?
- Prescription drugs
- Over-the-counter drugs (OTC) (correct)
- Biologics
- Traditional medications
Which directorate regulates natural health products in Canada?
Which directorate regulates natural health products in Canada?
What does the Phase III clinical trial test in drug development?
What does the Phase III clinical trial test in drug development?
What is the purpose of drug regulations?
What is the purpose of drug regulations?
What is the purpose of the pregnancy categories assigned by the US Food & Drug Administration?
What is the purpose of the pregnancy categories assigned by the US Food & Drug Administration?
Why is particular caution recommended during the first three months of pregnancy in relation to medication use?
Why is particular caution recommended during the first three months of pregnancy in relation to medication use?
What are teratogens in the context of pregnancy and medication?
What are teratogens in the context of pregnancy and medication?
Why should alternative therapies be considered before initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy?
Why should alternative therapies be considered before initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy?
What is the main consideration when testing drugs for use during pregnancy?
What is the main consideration when testing drugs for use during pregnancy?
Why is cognitive development an important consideration when prescribing medications to a patient?
Why is cognitive development an important consideration when prescribing medications to a patient?
When considering route and formulation of medication for a patient, what factors might impact this decision?
When considering route and formulation of medication for a patient, what factors might impact this decision?
Why must pharmacotherapy during pregnancy be undertaken with great caution?
Why must pharmacotherapy during pregnancy be undertaken with great caution?
What are some of the considerations when determining if a patient is able to excrete medications?
What are some of the considerations when determining if a patient is able to excrete medications?
What is the significance of pre-existing or developed conditions not related to pregnancy when deciding on medication use?
What is the significance of pre-existing or developed conditions not related to pregnancy when deciding on medication use?
Why should healthcare providers assess if a pregnant patient is able to appreciate the need for a medication or its associated risks?
Why should healthcare providers assess if a pregnant patient is able to appreciate the need for a medication or its associated risks?
What is the primary site for drug metabolism?
What is the primary site for drug metabolism?
In pharmacokinetics, what does drug distribution refer to?
In pharmacokinetics, what does drug distribution refer to?
Which barrier prevents many drugs from reaching the brain tissue?
Which barrier prevents many drugs from reaching the brain tissue?
What does the therapeutic index measure in relation to a drug's safety?
What does the therapeutic index measure in relation to a drug's safety?
What characteristic of an ideal drug refers to its ability to produce change in clients?
What characteristic of an ideal drug refers to its ability to produce change in clients?
Which organization shares drug information with healthcare providers and consumers upon approval?
Which organization shares drug information with healthcare providers and consumers upon approval?
What is the goal of time-response relationships in pharmacokinetics?
What is the goal of time-response relationships in pharmacokinetics?
What does the graded dose-response relationship describe?
What does the graded dose-response relationship describe?
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Study Notes
Branch of Medicine and Disease Prevention
- Preventive medicine is concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering.
Drugs and Medications
- A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease, whereas a medication is a drug prescribed to treat a specific condition.
- Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can be obtained by patients without consulting a healthcare provider.
Regulation of Natural Health Products
- The Natural Health Products Directorate (NHPD) regulates natural health products in Canada.
Drug Development and Clinical Trials
- Phase III clinical trials test the efficacy and safety of a drug in a large population.
Purpose of Drug Regulations
- The purpose of drug regulations is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medications.
Pregnancy Categories and Medication Use
- The US FDA assigns pregnancy categories to indicate the potential risks of medication use during pregnancy.
- Particular caution is recommended during the first three months of pregnancy due to the critical period of fetal development.
- Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects or harm to the fetus.
- Alternative therapies should be considered before initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy to minimize risks.
Pharmacotherapy and Pregnancy
- The main consideration when testing drugs for use during pregnancy is the potential harm to the fetus.
- Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy must be undertaken with great caution due to the potential risks to the fetus.
- Cognitive development is an important consideration when prescribing medications to a patient.
Route and Formulation of Medication
- Factors such as patient age, weight, and medical condition may impact the decision on the route and formulation of medication.
Patient Considerations
- Healthcare providers must consider a patient's ability to excrete medications, pre-existing or developed conditions, and their ability to appreciate the need for a medication or its associated risks.
Pharmacokinetics
- The primary site for drug metabolism is the liver.
- Drug distribution refers to the movement of a drug throughout the body.
- The blood-brain barrier prevents many drugs from reaching the brain tissue.
- The therapeutic index measures the safety of a drug by comparing the dose required for therapeutic effect to the dose that produces toxic effects.
Ideal Drug Characteristics
- An ideal drug should have the ability to produce change in clients.
Drug Information
- The FDA shares drug information with healthcare providers and consumers upon approval.
Time-Response Relationships
- The goal of time-response relationships in pharmacokinetics is to determine the duration of a drug's effect.
Dose-Response Relationships
- The graded dose-response relationship describes the varying effects of a drug at different doses.
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