Pharmacology Week 1: Medications and Drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of medicine is concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering?

  • Chemistry
  • Pathophysiology
  • Microbiology
  • Therapeutics (correct)
  • What is the difference between a drug and a medication?

  • A medication is always prescribed by a health care professional, while a drug is not.
  • A medication is a natural plant extract, while a drug is produced by a pharmaceutical manufacturer.
  • There is no difference between a drug and a medication.
  • A drug is capable of producing a biological response, while a medication may not always do so. (correct)
  • What type of drugs can patients obtain without consultation with a health care provider?

  • Prescription drugs
  • Over-the-counter drugs (OTC) (correct)
  • Biologics
  • Traditional medications
  • Which directorate regulates natural health products in Canada?

    <p>Natural and non-prescription health products directorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Phase III clinical trial test in drug development?

    <p>Safety of the drug and possible adverse effects in a small group of patients with the target condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drug regulations?

    <p>To protect the public from drug misuse and to ensure continuous evaluation of safety and effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pregnancy categories assigned by the US Food & Drug Administration?

    <p>To provide information on the potential risks of medications to the fetus during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is particular caution recommended during the first three months of pregnancy in relation to medication use?

    <p>Due to the rapid development of the fetus during this period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are teratogens in the context of pregnancy and medication?

    <p>Substances that promote abnormal growth in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should alternative therapies be considered before initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy?

    <p>To minimize the risk of fetal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration when testing drugs for use during pregnancy?

    <p>Potential risks and impacts on fetal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cognitive development an important consideration when prescribing medications to a patient?

    <p>To assess the patient's ability to understand the need for medication and associated risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering route and formulation of medication for a patient, what factors might impact this decision?

    <p>Any psychomotor development considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must pharmacotherapy during pregnancy be undertaken with great caution?

    <p>Due to potential impacts on fetal well-being and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the considerations when determining if a patient is able to excrete medications?

    <p>The function of the patient's liver and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pre-existing or developed conditions not related to pregnancy when deciding on medication use?

    <p>They can impact the well-being of both the pregnant woman and the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should healthcare providers assess if a pregnant patient is able to appreciate the need for a medication or its associated risks?

    <p>To ensure proper understanding and compliance with medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for drug metabolism?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacokinetics, what does drug distribution refer to?

    <p>How drug reaches target tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier prevents many drugs from reaching the brain tissue?

    <p>Blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the therapeutic index measure in relation to a drug's safety?

    <p>Ratio of LD50 to ED50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of an ideal drug refers to its ability to produce change in clients?

    <p>Pharmacodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization shares drug information with healthcare providers and consumers upon approval?

    <p>Health Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of time-response relationships in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>To maintain drug at a therapeutic range in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graded dose-response relationship describe?

    <p>The intensity of drug response at different doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Branch of Medicine and Disease Prevention

    • Preventive medicine is concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering.

    Drugs and Medications

    • A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease, whereas a medication is a drug prescribed to treat a specific condition.
    • Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can be obtained by patients without consulting a healthcare provider.

    Regulation of Natural Health Products

    • The Natural Health Products Directorate (NHPD) regulates natural health products in Canada.

    Drug Development and Clinical Trials

    • Phase III clinical trials test the efficacy and safety of a drug in a large population.

    Purpose of Drug Regulations

    • The purpose of drug regulations is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medications.

    Pregnancy Categories and Medication Use

    • The US FDA assigns pregnancy categories to indicate the potential risks of medication use during pregnancy.
    • Particular caution is recommended during the first three months of pregnancy due to the critical period of fetal development.
    • Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects or harm to the fetus.
    • Alternative therapies should be considered before initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy to minimize risks.

    Pharmacotherapy and Pregnancy

    • The main consideration when testing drugs for use during pregnancy is the potential harm to the fetus.
    • Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy must be undertaken with great caution due to the potential risks to the fetus.
    • Cognitive development is an important consideration when prescribing medications to a patient.

    Route and Formulation of Medication

    • Factors such as patient age, weight, and medical condition may impact the decision on the route and formulation of medication.

    Patient Considerations

    • Healthcare providers must consider a patient's ability to excrete medications, pre-existing or developed conditions, and their ability to appreciate the need for a medication or its associated risks.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • The primary site for drug metabolism is the liver.
    • Drug distribution refers to the movement of a drug throughout the body.
    • The blood-brain barrier prevents many drugs from reaching the brain tissue.
    • The therapeutic index measures the safety of a drug by comparing the dose required for therapeutic effect to the dose that produces toxic effects.

    Ideal Drug Characteristics

    • An ideal drug should have the ability to produce change in clients.

    Drug Information

    • The FDA shares drug information with healthcare providers and consumers upon approval.

    Time-Response Relationships

    • The goal of time-response relationships in pharmacokinetics is to determine the duration of a drug's effect.

    Dose-Response Relationships

    • The graded dose-response relationship describes the varying effects of a drug at different doses.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of medications, drugs, and pharmacology with this quiz. Explore the concepts of pharmacology and its application in healthcare.

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