17 Questions
What is the primary concern for patients with ischemic heart disease when it comes to anxiety?
It may exacerbate their heart condition
Which of the following is the side effect of using sedative drugs for a long time?
Decrease fatigue and anxiety relief
Which of the following sedative drug use in case of performance anxiety?
Propranolol
Which of the following sedative drugs have anticonvulsant activity
Phenobarbitone
in which case of the following we must use deep sedative drug?
Pediatric patient
What we use for pain management in the process of pharmacological technique in managing of pain ?
Both B and C correct
What is the likely outcome of using minimal or moderate sedation techniques for patients with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma?
Successful management of anxiety
What is the primary reason for using minimal or moderate sedation techniques in certain patients?
To prevent physiological stress responses in vulnerable patients
Which patient group is more likely to benefit from minimal or moderate sedation techniques?
Patients with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma
What is the underlying concern for patients with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma?
Physiological stress responses
Why are minimal or moderate sedation techniques often preferred in certain patients?
To prevent cardiovascular complications
What is the primary goal of using sedation techniques in patients with stress-induced asthma?
To prevent physiological stress responses
Which of the following patients is more likely to require minimal or moderate sedation techniques?
A patient with labile hypertension
What is the underlying principle of using minimal or moderate sedation techniques in certain patients?
To mitigate physiological stress responses
Which patient group is more likely to benefit from alternative anxiety management strategies?
Patients with chronic anxiety disorders
What is the primary concern for healthcare providers when managing patients with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma?
Preventing cardiovascular complications
Why are minimal or moderate sedation techniques often preferred in patients with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma?
To prevent cardiovascular complications
Study Notes
Sedative Hypnotics
- Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics are used to reduce anxiety or induce sleep, producing CNS depression at the brain, spinal cord, and brain stem levels.
Indications for Use
- Presence of anxiety, fear, or phobia that prevents the delivery of needed dental care.
- Traumatic or extensive dental procedures, especially when combined with anxiety, need to immobilize the patient, or inability to render the patient pain-free with local anesthesia.
- Patients who cannot physiologically tolerate stress, including those with: • Ischemic heart disease • Labile hypertension • Stress-induced asthma
- Minimal or moderate sedation techniques are often successful for these patient groups.
Anticonvulsants and Muscle Relaxants
- Some anticonvulsants have anticonvulsant activity, e.g. phenobarbitone, clonazepam, and diazepam, which can lead to tolerance and physical dependence with long-term use.
- Central acting muscle relaxants include:
- Benzodiazepenes
- Barbiturates
- Atypical Hypnotics
Sedatives and Hypnotics
- Diphenhydramine is an antihistaminic OTC sleep aid and cold treatment.
- Ramelteon is an atypical hypnotic.
- Buspirone is an atypical hypnotic.
Propranolol
- Uses of Propranolol include:
- Decreasing latency of sleep onset to treat insomnia
- Treating disrupted sleep cycles due to shift of timing
- Treating performance anxiety
- Side effects of Propranolol include:
- Dizziness and fatigue
- Endocrine changes (decreased testosterone and increased prolactin)
Sedation and Anxiety Reduction
- Nonpharmacologic methods of anxiety reduction should be considered initially.
- For pediatric patients or young children, minimal or moderate sedation may be insufficient, and deep sedation or general anesthesia may be required.
- Some patients who cannot physiologically tolerate stress (e.g. those with ischemic heart disease, labile hypertension, or stress-induced asthma) may benefit from minimal or moderate sedation techniques.
This quiz covers the uses of sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics in reducing anxiety or inducing sleep, as part of Pharmacology II (BCMS215) course.
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