Pharmacology I: Autonomic Nervous System Overview
32 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Regulates conscious thought processes
  • Controls voluntary movements
  • Enhances muscular strength
  • Mediates involuntary functions (correct)

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Norepinephrine
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Decreases heart rate
  • Enhances digestion
  • Stimulates the fight or flight response (correct)
  • Promotes calming of nerves

Which type of drug acts by mimicking the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Parasympathomimetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anticholinesterase drugs like physostigmine?

<p>Enhance acetylcholine levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as a sympatholytic?

<p>Propranolol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do parasympatholytics like atropine have on the body?

<p>Increases heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications would be categorized as a sympathomimetic?

<p>Adrenaline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pharmacological action of pilocarpine on the eyes?

<p>Miosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a therapeutic use of pilocarpine?

<p>Lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major side effect of pilocarpine?

<p>Weakness and collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor does pilocarpine primarily act as an agonist for?

<p>Muscarinic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ganglionic blockers is classified as a competitive blocker?

<p>Hexamethonium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological action of pilocarpine affects the cardiovascular system?

<p>Irregular rhythm and bradycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does depolarizing blockers use in relation to nicotinic receptors?

<p>Stimulates the nicotinic receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of pilocarpine use if overdosed?

<p>Asphyxia or cardiac depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the scheme for identification of drugs acting on the ANS?

<p>Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation indicates a decrease in motor activity after administration?

<p>Spontaneous motor activity decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect on narcosis was observed before and after administration?

<p>Narcosis absent both before and after (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What response was noted regarding escape behavior after touch?

<p>Escape behavior decreased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex showed normal response before and after administration?

<p>All of these reflexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect on tremors after drug administration?

<p>Tremors absent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT part of the drug identification scheme?

<p>Age of the subject (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of miosis on pupil diameter?

<p>Decreases pupil diameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect on behavior observed after drug administration?

<p>Behavior decreased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of a Parasympathomimetic drug like Pilocarpine?

<p>Increase in lacrimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic respiratory response to Nicotine?

<p>Dyspnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change is observed in heart rate as a result of miosis?

<p>Decrease in heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these changes is NOT associated with the administration of Pilocarpine?

<p>Decrease in urination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial cardiovascular effect is noted after administering Nicotine?

<p>Initial rise of blood pressure followed by a fall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which detailed change occurs in the eye following Nicotine exposure?

<p>Initially constricted, then dilated pupils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of death associated with Nicotine?

<p>Respiratory failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sympathetic nervous system

Part of the autonomic nervous system involved in the 'fight or flight' response; responsible for arousal and energy generation.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Part of the autonomic nervous system involved in 'rest and digest'; responsible for calming nerves and normal functioning.

Parasympathomimetics

Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic nervous system; also called cholinergics.

Parasympatholytics

Drugs that block parasympathetic activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sympathomimetics

Drugs that mimic the sympathetic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sympatholytics

Drugs that block sympathetic activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cholinergics

Drugs affecting the parasympathetic nervous system as it uses acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species

The animal group being studied. This helps determine drug effects specific to that species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sex

Male or female. This considers potential differences in drug response based on gender.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Route of administration

The method of giving the drug (oral, injection, etc.). This affects how quickly and how much drug reaches the target.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weight

The animal's body mass. This helps calculate the appropriate drug dose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dose calculation

Determining the correct amount of drug to administer based on factors like weight, age, and species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observation: Grip strength

Measures the animal's ability to grasp and hold, indicating potential muscle weakness or paralysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observation: Locomotion

Tracks the animal's movement, revealing changes in coordination, speed, or ability to move.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observation: Spontaneous motor activity

Observes the animal's natural movements, revealing changes in restlessness or lethargy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does Miosis mean?

Miosis refers to the constriction of the pupil of the eye, making it smaller.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's the effect of the Drug on Salivation?

The drug increases salivation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the effect of the drug on Heart Rate?

The drug decreases heart rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the drug's effect on Respiration?

The drug decreases the breathing rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the drug's effect on Excretions?

The drug stimulates increased urination and defecation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Drug's Peculiarity?

The drug causes increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nicotine's Effect on Heart Rate?

Nicotine initially increases blood pressure, followed by a decrease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Cause of Death in Nicotine Poisoning?

Respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in nicotine poisoning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ganglionic stimulants

Substances that stimulate the ganglia, a cluster of nerve cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ganglionic blockers (Depolarizing)

Block the nicotinic receptors by strongly depolarizing them, preventing acetylcholine from activating them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ganglionic blockers (Competitive)

Block the nicotinic receptors by competing with acetylcholine for those receptors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pilocarpine

A parasympathomimetic that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pilocarpine's effects on the eyes

Causes miosis (constriction of pupils).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Therapeutic use : Glaucoma

Used topically to lower intraocular pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pilocarpine's therapeutic use in xerostomia

Stimulates salivation in patients with dry mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pilocarpine's role in sweat testing

Stimulates sweat glands to measure chloride and sodium levels in sweat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Pharmacology I (PPT301) - Fall 2024-2025

  • Course: Pharmacology I (PPT301)
  • University: New Mansoura University
  • Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy
  • Pharm D Program
  • Intended Learning Outcomes:
    • Distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their effects on the body.
    • Identify autonomic acting drugs and their effects.
    • Schematically identify unknown autonomic acting drugs.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system.
  • It controls visceral functions largely below the level of consciousness.
  • Most ANS actions are involuntary.
  • Controls: Heart rate, salivation, digestion, respiratory rate, perspiration, pupil diameter, urination, and defecation.

Sympathetic Nervous System

  • Fight or flight response
  • Arousal and energy generation
  • Inhibits digestion

Parasympathetic Nervous System

  • Rest and digest
  • Calming of nerves and normal function
  • Enhances digestion

Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

  • Parasympathomimetics (cholinergics):

    • Mimic the parasympathetic nervous system.
    • Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter.
    • Act directly on nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase or promoting ACh release.
      • Examples: Carbachol, physostigmine, pilocarpine.

  • Parasympatholytics: Atropine

  • Sympathomimetics: Adrenaline and ephedrine

  • Sympatholytics:

    • Alpha blockers: phentolamine
    • Beta blockers: propranolol

  • Ganglionic stimulants: Diluted nicotine

  • Ganglionic blockers:

    • Depolarizing blockers: Concentrated nicotine
    • Competitive blockers: Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine

Parasympathomimetics (Pilocarpine)

  • Pharmacological actions:
    • Eye: Miosis
    • CNS: Tremors and mild convulsions
    • CVS: Irregular rhythm and bradycardia
    • GIT: Salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
    • Respiration: Labored respiration, Pulmonary edema
    • Skin: Increased sweating
  • Death may occur from asphyxias or cardiac depression.
  • Onset time: 5-10 minutes

Ganglionic Blockers

  • Depolarizing blockers: Strongly depolarize nicotinic receptors; ACh cannot stimulate the receptor. Example: conc nicotine
  • Competitive blockers: Occupies the nicotinic receptor; ACh cannot occupy the receptor. Example: Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine

Nicotine Pharmacological Actions

  • Tremors (especially in frog hind-limbs)
  • Burning sensation in the mouth
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Initial rise followed by a fall in blood pressure
  • Convulsions
  • Eye constriction followed by dilation
  • Sweating
  • Dyspnea (Shortness of breath): Respiratory failure

Scheme for Identification of Drugs Acting on ANS

  • Species
  • Sex
  • Route of administration
  • Weight
  • Dose calculation

Observations (Before and After Administration)

  • Grip strength (Locomotion, Stereotypic Behavior)
  • Gait
  • Posture
  • Narcosis
  • Sleeping
  • Tremors
  • Convulsions
  • Catalepsy
  • Escape after touch
  • Righting reflex
  • Corneal reflex
  • Pain reflex

Effects on ANS (Before and After Administration)

  • Pupil size
  • Eyelids
  • Eye ball movements
  • Salivation
  • Sweating
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • Piloerection
  • Heart Rate
  • Respiratory Rate

Therapeutic Uses (Pilocarpine)

  • Glaucoma treatment (lowers intraocular pressure)
  • Xerostomia treatment (increased salivation)
  • Antidote for atropine and hyoscyamine poisoning
  • Sweat test (measuring chloride and sodium excretion)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Pharmacology I (PPT301) Fall 2024-2025 PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) as part of Pharmacology I (PPT301) for the Pharm D program. Learn to distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, their functions, and the autonomic acting drugs that influence these systems. Test your understanding of these fundamental pharmacological principles.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser