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Questions and Answers
What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs affect the metabolism of each other?
What is the primary focus of pharmacokinetics?
What is the term for the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect on the body?
What is the primary mechanism by which the body eliminates drugs?
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A drug that increases the activity of an enzyme involved in the metabolism of another drug is an example of which type of interaction?
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What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body?
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A drug that reduces the activity of an enzyme involved in the metabolism of another drug is an example of which type of interaction?
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What is the term for the study of the movement of drugs within the body?
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Study Notes
Pharmacokinetics
- Study of the movement of drugs within the body
- Involves the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)
- Factors affecting pharmacokinetics:
- Dose and route of administration
- Patient factors (age, weight, liver/kidney function)
- Drug interactions
Drug Metabolism
- Process by which the body breaks down drugs
- Enzymes involved:
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family
- Other enzymes (e.g. flavin-containing monooxygenases)
- Phase I reactions:
- Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
- Phase II reactions:
- Conjugation (e.g. glucuronidation, sulfation)
- Importance of drug metabolism:
- Affects drug efficacy and toxicity
- Influences pharmacokinetics
Drug Interactions
- Occur when two or more drugs interact in the body
- Types of interactions:
- Pharmacokinetic interactions:
- Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
- Pharmacodynamic interactions:
- Enhanced or reduced effects
- Pharmacokinetic interactions:
- Examples of drug interactions:
- Warfarin and antibiotics
- Statins and fibrates
Pharmacodynamics
- Study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Receptor binding and activation
- Dose-response relationships:
- Graded dose-response curves
- Quantal dose-response curves
- Types of drug effects:
- Desired therapeutic effects
- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
- Unintended, harmful effects of a drug
- Types of ADRs:
- Type A: Augmented pharmacological effects
- Type B: Idiosyncratic reactions
- Type C: Chronic effects
- Type D: Delayed effects
- Factors influencing ADRs:
- Patient factors (age, genetics, liver/kidney function)
- Drug factors (dose, potency, pharmacokinetics)
- Drug interactions
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Description
Learn the basics of pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, interactions, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions. Understand how drugs work in the body and how they can affect patients. Test your knowledge of pharmacology principles and concepts.
