Pharmacology for Nursing Practice Final Exam 2024
61 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are some examples of patient variables?

  • Weight, medical history, genetics (correct)
  • Age, race, allergy
  • Diet, medications, exercise

    • What is the antidote for opioid overdose?

    Naloxone

    What is the mechanism of action for Levodopa-Carbidopa?

    Increases dopamine production in the brain. Carbidopa prevents Levodopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain.

    Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for Levodopa-Carbidopa?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse effects of Chlorpromazine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic range for Lithium?

    <p>0.6 - 1.2 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adverse effects of Lithium are directly related to serum levels of the drug.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an antidote for Benzodiazepines?

    <p>Flumazenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Amphotericin B?

    <p>It binds to sterols in the fungal cell wall, disrupting permeability. This can lead to fungal cell death or inhibition of fungal growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general adverse effect of antifungal drugs?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse effects of Amphotericin B?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual therapeutic INR range for Warfarin?

    <p>2-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for Warfarin overdose?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should be avoided while a patient is taking Warfarin?

    <p>Spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Distended jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitroglycerin is a potent vasoconstrictor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a loop diuretic?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of Cimetidine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of Misoprostol?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Corticosteroids in asthma?

    <p>Decreases inflammation in the airway, increasing airflow and facilitating respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a first-line treatment for elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>Acetazolamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for Nitroprusside

    <p>Hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Rifampin that should not cause alarm?

    <p>Red-orange coloration of urine, tears, and sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Gentamicin is correct?

    <p>It disrupts protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What GFR reading indicates moderate renal disease?

    <p>45 mL per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following precautions is recommended while administering Gentamicin?

    <p>Monitoring intake and output is essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition warrants a call to a healthcare provider regarding medication use?

    <p>Severe side effects that worsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with opioid use?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary consideration should be emphasized for a patient taking Levodopa-Carbidopa?

    <p>Avoid high-protein meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Loss of dopamine-producing neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the interaction of Levodopa-Carbidopa with MAOI antidepressants?

    <p>Hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism underlies the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Defective gene on chromosome 7 affecting chloride permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment is crucial before administering opioids?

    <p>Assessing respiratory and cardiac function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of Levodopa-Carbidopa?

    <p>Severe weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient variable is NOT considered when administering opioids?

    <p>Occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Chlorpromazine?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serum level of Lithium can lead to possible progression of CNS effects to ataxia and seizures?

    <p>2 to 2.5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with the use of amphotericin B?

    <p>Bone Marrow Suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does amphotericin B have on fungal cells?

    <p>It alters cell wall permeability leading to cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab monitoring is essential for patients on Lithium?

    <p>Serum lithium levels and renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class can interact negatively with Chlorpromazine?

    <p>Both CNS depressants and antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from serum Lithium levels exceeding 2.5 mEq/L?

    <p>Complex multiorgan toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect when using long-term Lithium therapy?

    <p>Renal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often the first noticeable sign of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Rhythmic Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive decline symptom may occur in about 20% of Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Severe cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with the shuffling gait in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Muscle rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a cause of Parkinsonism?

    <p>Chronic drug abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of facial expressions in advanced Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Masklike expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary root cause of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Decrease in dopamine-producing neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential complication that can arise from difficulty swallowing in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What speech characteristic is commonly observed in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Slow, slurred speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically associated with amphotericin B that requires monitoring?

    <p>Renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for patients undergoing treatment with amphotericin B regarding nephrotoxic drugs?

    <p>They should avoid nephrotoxic drugs unless necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal side effect is commonly associated with the use of amphotericin B?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contraindication related to amphotericin B during lactation?

    <p>It may be transferred into human milk and pose risks to the neonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the central nervous system (CNS) side effects that may occur with amphotericin B use?

    <p>Dizziness or weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about administering amphotericin B regarding food intake?

    <p>It should be taken with food to reduce stomach upset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious symptom should patients be advised to report immediately while on amphotericin B?

    <p>Yellowing of skin or eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario might a healthcare provider consider using amphotericin B during pregnancy?

    <p>It can be used cautiously, depending on the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology for Nursing Practice - Final Blueprint Fall 2024

    • Exam Details: The exam consists of 60 questions. Students have 1 ½ minutes per question.

    The Exam Blueprint

    • Core Drug Knowledge and Core Patient Variables: This section covers opioid side effects, assessment, patient teaching, and opioid antidote. Pharmacokinetics is also included. Variables such as age, weight, race, medical history, genetics, diet are examples of patient variables.
    • Opioids: Side effects include respiratory depression, central nervous system depression, headache, constipation, increased fluid intake, bradycardia, drowsiness. Narcan is an antidote. Schedules 1, 2, and 3 are related to higher usage and potential for addiction/abuse. Patient teaching should include increasing fiber and avoiding alcohol. Assessment of respiratory and cardiac function is necessary before administering medications.
    • Opioid Antidote: Naloxone
    • Core Drug Knowledge: Levodopa-Carbidopa: This drug increases dopamine production in the brain. Carbidopa prevents levodopa from breaking down prematurely in the brain, allowing it to reach its target. This is used for Parkinson's patients with daily living activity deficiencies. Levo-dopa is a precursor for dopamine.

    Additional Medication Information

    • Adverse Effects: Tremor, dizziness, numbness, weakness, agitation, anxiety, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, dysphagia, urinary retention, flushing, cardiac irregularities, psychosis, angle-closure glaucoma, melanoma history, psychosis, peptic ulcer disease, depression, bipolar disorder.
    • Drug Contraindications: Some potential contraindications include angle-closure glaucoma, melanoma history, psychosis, peptic ulcer disease, depression, and bipolar disorder

    Cystic Fibrosis

    • Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts.
    • The defective gene is located on chromosome 7.
    • Thick secretions accumulate in the lungs. Treatment options include a low calorie, high protein diet, and chest physical therapy.

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement control.
    • It results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, specifically in the substantia nigra.
    • Key Characteristics: Lack of coordination, rhythmic tremors (often starting gradually, most noticeable at rest), muscle stiffness (rigidity), extreme slowness in initiating and executing movements (bradykinesia), shuffling gait, drooling, slow slurred speech, mask-like facial expression, difficulty swallowing, choking, aspiration pneumonia, cognitive impairments such as visuospatial discrimination difficulties, memory retrieval problems, and difficulties with planning, organizational, and carrying out tasks.

    Other Information

    • Traditional antipsychotics and vitamin B6: A potential interaction can cause hypertensive crisis.
    • Dopamine-Blocking Medications: A possible cause of Parkinson's symptoms.
    • Interaction: Traditional antipsychotics and vitamin B6 can interact, potentially causing a hypertensive crisis.
    • Page 4 (Chlorpromazine): Action is suppressing symptoms of schizophrenia. Contraindications include bone marrow suppression, pregnancy/lactation, allergies to phenothiazine, antipsychotic medications, alcohol withdrawal, bone marrow suppression, and CNS depression. Interactions include CNS depressants, antacids, and anti-diarrheals. Precautions include glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prostatic hypertrophy, thyroid, cardiac, and liver disorders.
    • Antipsychotic Care Goals: Prioritizing safety and encouraging adherence to the medication regimen are key.
    • Lithium Therapeutic Levels: Maintaining levels of 0.6 – 1.2 mEq is crucial; monitoring is essential with diuretic medication combinations. 1.2-1.5: lethargy, CNS/muscle weakness, fine tremors, polyuria, ECG changes, bradycardia are adverse effects as are 2.0-2.5: CNS ataxia, clonic movements, and 2.5+: multisystem organ failure. Hydration is important. Narrow therapeutic window. Monitor vital signs.
    • Adverse drug effects (chlorpromazine): Anticholinergic effects include dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and tachycardia. Suppressed sexual drive, erectile dysfunction, severe dysrhythmias, dermatitis, photosensitivity, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are additional potential adverse effects.
    • Amphotericin B (Abelcet, AmBisome): Antifungal. Actions include binding to sterols in fungal cell walls, altering permeability to cause cell death (fungicidal effect) or prevent reproduction (fungistatic effect). Adverse effects include Liver and Kidney Toxicity (monitor closely), Bone Marrow Suppression (close monitoring), dermatological changes (rash).
    • Antifungal Medications (general): Potential side effects include renal impairment, bone marrow suppression, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia), and injection site reactions (pain, phlebitis, or thrombophlebitis).
    • Contraindications and Cautions: Pregnancy is a variable. The formulations and dosage vary. Careful differentiation is necessary. Lactation: Not recommended due to risks to neonates.
    • Patient Teaching for Systemic Antifungals: Emphasize completing the full course of treatment. Inform patients about taking the medication with food (if applicable). Explain the entire course of treatment.
    • Safety Precautions for Antifungal Medications: Apply pressure to bleeding sites; avoid IM injections; do not rub subcutaneous injection sites; Inform patient about risks of drug interactions with other medications, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements. Monitor closely for signs of bleeding, signs of stroke, or clot formation. Explain risk of severe renal toxicity with other medications and that antidotes are available (e.g., Vitamin K for warfarin overdose, protamine sulfate for heparin overdose).
    • Warfarin: Vitamin K is the antidote.
    • Insulin: Glucagon is the antidote.
    • Levothyroxine: Lab monitoring (TSH, T3, T4): Initial dosage of 25 mcg; adjustment based on patient response.
    • Hyperthyroid Medication Management: Lower thyroid levels, alleviate hyperactivity, address weight loss. Prevent further exacerbations/avoid complications.
    • Anticoagulant Therapy: Explain the purpose and importance of therapy, emphasize taking the medication correctly and possible signs of bleeding (e.g., unusual bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums). Discuss dietary considerations, including avoiding alcohol and maintaining a consistent intake of foods high in vitamin K, and stress importance of follow-up appointments for medication adjustments.
    • Safety during Anticoagulant Use: Apply pressure to actively bleeding sites; avoid intramuscular injections; do not rub subcutaneous injection sites. Encourage medication adherence and seek medical care immediately for serious complications. Explain that antidotes are available (Vitamin K for warfarin overdose or protamine sulfate for heparin overdose)
    • Additional Safety Measures: Apply pressure to any bleeding site; avoid IM injections; do not rub subcutaneous injection sites. Encourage the patient to take the medication as prescribed. Explain the availability of antidotes (e.g., Vitamin K for warfarin, protamine sulfate for heparin overdose).
    • Core drug knowledge and core patient variable (Rifampin): Urine, tears, and sweat may be tinged red-orange; it is harmless. Take medication exactly as prescribed even if feeling better; Rifampin is used to treat TB and other bacterial infections. Patient education. Monitor intake/output.
    • Core drug knowledge and core patient variable (Gentamicin): Monitor intake and output; potency; narrow therapeutic window; monitor peak and trough levels to prevent accumulation; Monitor BUN and serum creatinine level; patient education on adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity; teach how to manage side effects.
    • Core Drug Knowledge and Core Patient Variables (Lithium): Maintain therapeutic lithium level, monitor signs/symptoms of toxicity (lethargy, tremors, polyuria), provide hydration strategies.
    • Core drug knowledge and core patient variable (Digoxin): Monitor for infection; use caution; avoid alcohol; teach patient about digoxin's effects, its importance of continued management, and important interactions.
    • Core drug knowledge and Core patient variable (Digoxin & Glipizide): Possible risks, appropriate patient education and teaching, patient monitoring for potential problems, possible risks and patient education.
    • Core Drug Knowledge and Core Patient Variables (Acetazolamide): Possible risks, potential complications, monitoring, and patient education.
    • Core drug knowledge and core patient variable (Anticholinergic drugs): Discuss constipation as an adverse effect and ways to manage it. Discuss possible problems or concerns about taking the medication.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    NUR 240 Pharmacology Final Review 3 PDF

    Description

    Prepare for the final exam in Pharmacology for Nursing Practice with this comprehensive quiz covering essential topics such as opioid knowledge, side effects, patient variables, and drug interactions. Hone your understanding of drug pharmacokinetics and the use of antidotes like Naloxone. Get ready to excel by testing your core knowledge on key nursing pharmacology concepts.

    More Like This

    Opioid Pharmacology Quiz
    5 questions

    Opioid Pharmacology Quiz

    UnrivaledKangaroo avatar
    UnrivaledKangaroo
    Nursing Implications: Opioid Analgesics
    14 questions

    Nursing Implications: Opioid Analgesics

    WellManagedOpossum avatar
    WellManagedOpossum
    Nursing Pharmacology Final Exam Blueprint
    21 questions

    Nursing Pharmacology Final Exam Blueprint

    AudibleConceptualArt7571 avatar
    AudibleConceptualArt7571
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser