Pharmacology Final Review: Antibiotics, Side Effects, Culture Sensitivity, Contraceptives
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Pharmacology Final Review: Antibiotics, Side Effects, Culture Sensitivity, Contraceptives

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Questions and Answers

Match the common side effect with the corresponding antibiotic class:

Diarrhea = Penicillin Tendon damage = Fluoroquinolones Photosensitivity = Sulfa drugs Numbness and tingling in hands/feet = Fluoroquinolones

Match the medication instruction with the correct drug:

Avoid sun exposure = Fluoroquinolones Do not administer to patients under 18 years old = Fluoroquinolones Take with food to reduce stomach discomfort = Fluoroquinolones Stay out of the sun = Sulfa drugs

Match the lab tests with the corresponding drug class:

BUN and creatinine = Aminoglycosides Liver function tests = Sulfa drugs Blood glucose levels = Sulfa drugs INR monitoring = Oral Contraceptives

Match the patient education point with the appropriate medication:

<p>Drink plenty of fluids to dilute harmful effects = Fluoroquinolones Don't take with juices containing calcium = Fluoroquinolones Do not smoke while on therapy = Oral Contraceptives Avoid dairy products while taking this drug = Fluoroquinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the allergy information with the corresponding medications:

<p>Patients allergic to cephalosporin may also be allergic to this drug class = Penicillin Do not administer Cipro and Levaquin together due to class similarity = Fluoroquinolones Avoid giving this medication to patients with sulfa allergies = Sulfa drugs Ineffective if taken with antibiotics = Oral Contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the method with the correct procedure:

<p>Z-track method for intramuscular injections = Assessing a patient's status as the first step in care changes = Taking a culture of bacteria for identification purposes = Giving broad-spectrum antibiotics initially before identifying organism type =</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their instructions:

<p>Flagyl (Trade) metronidazole (generic) = Do not drink alcohol while on drug Zorivax (Trade) acyclovir (generic) = Don’t take with dairy Prednisone = Increases blood sugar Cromolyn sodium = Rinse and gargle after use. Do not swallow the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their characteristics:

<p>Diabetes = Affects pancreas primarily but can have an affect on all the body systems Type 1 Diabetes = Resembles more of an auto-immune disease Type 2 Diabetes = Not producing enough insulin for body requirements TB = Transmitted through the air (airborne droplets)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their side effects:

<p>Antihistamine = Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma/ causes increased eye pressure/ high blood pressure Steroidal inhalers = Thrush - common side effect of steroidal inhaler usage Mucolytics = Drink plenty of water when taking Antifungals (-azoles) = -suffix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following instructions with their medication:

<p>Tamiflu (Trade) oseltamivir (generic) = Can only be taken within 24-48 hours of onset of flu symptoms Reyataz (Trade) atazanavir (generic) = Monitor for low heart rate Griseofulvin (generic) Grifulvin V (Trade) = Affects the liver/ may experience urine discoloration Isoniazid (INH) (generic) = Commonly used for TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their effects:

<p>Antivirals = All virustatic but not virucidal, in that they don’t kill viruses; they stop viral reproduction Decongestants = Reduce swelling of nasal passages Bronchodilator = 1st Steroid = 2nd</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the insulin type with its corresponding peak time:

<p>NPH insulin = 4-12 hours Regular insulin = 30 mins - 4 hrs Lispro = 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its function in regulating blood sugar:

<p>Glucagon = Helps to combat hypoglycemia Glycogen = Causes glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its primary usage:

<p>Glipizide = Works too fast without food to slow down body synthesis Glucotrol = Lowers sugar levels for diabetes Metformin = Treats type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome Sodium glucose co-transport inhibitors = Prevents reabsorption of glucose in kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sign/symptom with its corresponding condition:

<p>Cold clammy skin, weakness, headache, slurred speech, shaky/anxious = Hypoglycemia Frequent thirst, urination, fruity breath, increased infection = Complications of poorly managed diabetes Increased urination, increased thirst, increased hunger = Signs of Type 2 Diabetes Darkening skin patches in groin, armpits, neck = Undiagnosed Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the test with its corresponding information:

<p>Hemoglobin A1C test = Monitors blood sugar levels for the past three months INR test = Normal range is 1.1 or lower Sodium test = Normal range is 135-145 mEq/L WBC test = Normal range is 4.5K - 11K</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its potential adverse effect:

<p>Anti-depressants = Take 10-14 days to work / Contraindicated in patients with vision problems Lithium = **Note: Avoid excessive exercise / Causes weakness and lethargy Amitriptyline = **Patient teaching: Take at bedtime / Do not stop abruptly Buspirone = Binds to serotonin and dopamine receptors / Increases norepinephrine metabolism in brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the common Benzodiazepines with their brand names:

<p>Xanax = Alprazolam Ativan (lorazepam) = **Lorazepam Valium = **Diazepam Klonopin (clonazepam) = **Clonazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug class with its associated action:

<p>Biguanide (Metformin) = **Treats type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome / Nephrotoxicity risk Sodium glucose co-transport inhibitors = **Prevents reabsorption of glucose in kidneys / Mild diuretic effect Anti-depressants = **Takes 10-14 days to work / Contraindicated in patients with vision problems Benzo's (Xanax, Ativan, Valium, Klonopin) = **Commonly used for anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptom with its corresponding condition:

<p>Unstable BP, muscle rigidity, hyperpyrexia = **Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Slurred speech, fruity breath, increased infection = Complications of poorly managed diabetes Cold clammy skin, weakness = Hypoglycemia Weakness and lethargy = lithium Avoid excessive exercise = Lithium Changes to brain chemistry = Adverse effect of SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptom/condition with its corresponding medication

<p>Muscle twitching = Hold meds Polyuria – increased urination = Signs of Type 2 Diabetes Polydipsia – increased thirst = Signs of Type 2 Diabetes Polyphagia – increased hunger = Signs of Type 2 Diabetes Brain needs sugar to operate = Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medication with its specific monitoring requirement:

<p>Clozapine = Monitor patient for any changes in WBC levels Valproate (valproic acid) = Monitor for liver function Phenazopyridine = Contraindicated in patients with liver issues Lactulose = Brings down ammonia levels in patients with liver issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication category with its common side effects:

<p>Anti-depressants = a. Drowsiness b. Photosensitivity c. Affect sleep patterns d. Orthostatic hypotension Antipsychotics = Can cause sexual dysfunction and weight gain Loop diuretics = a. Give in the AM b. Administer SLOWLY via IV to prevent hypotension c. Monitor sodium and potassium levels Thyroid medications = a. Take lifelong b. No breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication instruction with the correct drug:

<p>Nitro patch = Keep in original dark glass bottle Reglan = Take on an empty stomach Tetracycline = Permanently stains buds of teeth of baby / avoid during pregnancy Statins = Best to take at night; Do not take with grapefruit juice or alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its associated side effect:

<p>Bactrim = Increase fluids to reduce crystallization (crystalluria) Lasix = Do not miss doses; frequent urination can be a concern for adherence Famotidine = Don't smoke while taking this medication Proscar = Smooth muscle relaxant for prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with the appropriate patient teaching point:

<p>Lasix = Must drink water while on Lasix to fluid restriction limit for heart failure patients Thiazides = Decrease sodium reabsorption Lactulose = For patients with liver issues; brings down ammonia levels Nitro patch = Before administration, shave the patient (N-Clex says do not shave)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its specific contraindication:

<p>Phenazopyridine = Contraindicated in patients with liver issues Tetracycline = Permanently stains buds of teeth of baby; avoid during pregnancy Reglan = Take on an empty stomach; contraindicated in certain conditions Famotidine = Don't smoke while taking this medication; specific contraindication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication category with its effect on the body:

<p>Diuretics = Cause dilations and relaxation of muscles to increase blood flow and lower blood pressure Loop diuretics = Take with potassium supplements to prevent deficiency Thyroid medications = Regulate metabolism and energy levels in the body Hormone replacement for menopause = a. Headaches b. Breast pain/tenderness c. Unexpected vaginal bleeding or spotting d. Mood changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sign/symptom with its corresponding condition:

<p>Jaundice = Sign of liver issue Signs of dehydration = (a) Thirst (b) Dark, yellow urine (c) Decreased urination (d) Dizziness, lightheaded, tiredness Successful thyroid hormone therapy sign = Decrease in initial symptoms once therapy starts working High alert drugs = (a) Medications that can cause harm if administered incorrectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug administration instruction with its correct procedure:

<p>Before drug admin, check 9 rights of drug admin = a.Check for allergy FIRST b.Stay with pt during admin. For vials, push air into before withdrawal = Air should be pushed into vials before extracting medication. EPI PENS – AROUND AGE 5 = age for patient teaching = Teaching about EpiPens is appropriate around age 5. ALWAYS rotate your injection sites! = Injection sites should always be rotated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its associated lab test:

<p>CBC w/ differential = CBC test done for infection / breaks down specific white blood cell levels. Blood levels = Done to find out if drug is at therapeutic range. ALT/AST - Labs = Most mental health drugs can affect liver function. Liver Function Test = Monitoring required for Valproate (valproic acid) as an antiepileptic medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotransmitter with its primary role:

<p>Acetylcholine = Works on the parasympathetic system Epinephrine = Works on the sympathetic system Serotonin = Decreased in depression Dopamine = Increased in schizophrenia/decreased in Parkinson’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its primary usage:

<p>Aricept (Trade) = Main Alzheimer’s medication Rivastigmine (Generic) = Medication for dementia given in a patch Oxcarbazepine (Generic) = Anticonvulsant Narcan (Trade)/Naloxone (Generic) = Antidote for narcotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug class with its effect on blood pressure:

<p>Carbidopa = Breaks through blood-brain barrier/drops blood pressure Benzodiazepine agonist = Enhances the effect of benzodiazepines Haldol = Antipsychotic/usually given via injection Buspirone (BuSpar) = Common benzodiazepine agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mental health medication instruction with its corresponding medication:

<p>Never abruptly stop antidepressants = Affects the brain/nervous system Give benzodiazepines until antidepressant builds up in patient's system = Short-term anxiety treatment Refrain from mixing classes of mental health drugs = Last resort medication for acute mental episodes Monitor for 24-72 hours after initial administration = SSRI's</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotransmitter with its associated condition:

<p>Acetylcholine = Decreased in Alzheimer's Serotonin = Upper/Dopamine downer Dopamine = Works with dopamine to enhance effect/can exacerbate depression and psychosis GABA = Decreased in anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pain relief method with its description:

<p>Analgesics = Changes patient's perception of pain, Reduces painful stimuli at the source Benzodiazepine agonist = Enhances the effect of benzodiazepines, (e.g. even more calm) Dopamine agonist = Works with dopamine to enhance effect, Can exacerbate depression and psychosis SSRI's = Decreases libido, (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Alzheimer's medication with its instruction:

<p>Aricept (Trade) = - Given to slow progression of disease and help patient cope with signs and symptoms, - Don't take with cough syrup, - Can cause cardiac issues if given with OTC meds/USE WITH CAUTION TOGETHER Rivastigmine (Generic) = - Given in a patch for dementia, - Put in a place dementia patient can't reach-usually the back Oxcarbazepine (Generic) = - Anticonvulsant, - Monitor sodium content (can kick sodium out of the body), - Monitor liver function (normal range 10-35mcg) Levodopa/Carbidopa Combination = - Medication to help increase dopamine levels, - Levodopa is broken through blood-brain barrier by Carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the action of Narcan with its usage:

<p>Narcan (Trade)/Naloxone (Generic) = - Antidote for narcotics Narcan = - Usually given to reverse narcotic overdose Flumazenil = - Reversal agent for benzodiazepines Naloxone = - Medication to treat narcotic overdoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychiatric medication with its monitoring instruction:

<p>Benzo's = Monitor for dizziness, orthostatic hypotension Depression meds - SSRI's = Monitor for suicidal thoughts Antidepressants = Monitor for suicidal thoughts Tricyclic antidepressants = Monitor vitals &amp; weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the antipsychotic medication with its common usage:

<p>Haldol = Usually given for schizophrenia Risperdal = Commonly used in bipolar disorder Seroquel = Frequently prescribed for mood disorders Zyprexa = Typically used in psychotic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Interactions and Side Effects

  • Common side effects vary by antibiotic class, affecting gastrointestinal, skin, and neurological systems.
  • Specific medication instructions are crucial for efficacy and safety, ensuring proper administration of antibiotics.

Lab Tests and Monitoring

  • Certain drug classes require specific lab tests to monitor effects and side effects.
  • Medication-specific monitoring is essential to prevent adverse reactions and manage health effectively.

Patient Education and Safety

  • Providing patient education on medications addresses correct usage, side effects, and expected outcomes.
  • Allergy information is necessary to prevent severe reactions and guide treatment decisions.

Procedures and Techniques

  • Drug administration methods must align with procedural guidelines to ensure optimal delivery and effectiveness.
  • Different diseases have distinct characteristics that influence treatment approaches.

Treatment Effects and Usage

  • Each medication may have associated side effects that warrant patient awareness and management strategies.
  • Understanding peak times for various insulin types aids in blood sugar management and patient education.

Hormones and Blood Sugar Regulation

  • Key hormones play critical roles in blood sugar regulation, affecting overall metabolism and health.

Conditions and Symptoms

  • Recognizing signs and symptoms related to specific conditions facilitates accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Testing can provide crucial information for effective management of various health conditions.

Effectiveness and Safety in Medications

  • Each medication comes with potential adverse effects, highlighting the need for thorough patient monitoring and education.
  • Different classes of medications exert varied effects on blood pressure and mental health treatments.

Neurotransmitters and Mental Health

  • Neurotransmitters have unique roles in both physical health and psychiatric conditions, influencing treatment options.

Pain Management Techniques

  • Understanding various pain relief methods assists in appropriate treatment selection based on patient needs.

Specific Medications and Their Actions

  • Alzheimer's medications must be used with specific instructions to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
  • Narcan effectively counters opioid overdoses, underscoring its critical role in emergency responses.

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Description

Prepare for your pharmacology final with this review covering topics such as antibiotics, common side effects of penicillin, culture sensitivity, and oral contraceptives. Learn about the risks and benefits of different medications and their interactions.

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