Questions and Answers
What medical condition is St. John's Wort contraindicated for?
What is a primary use of misoprostol?
Which medication may take several days for symptom relief and has an increased risk of fractures with long-term use?
What is a common adverse effect of the medroxyprogesterone injection?
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What must be monitored when administering TPN?
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Which risk is associated with hormone replacement therapy?
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What symptom is NOT associated with early overdose of magnesium sulfate?
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What is a serious adverse effect of sildenafil?
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What is the first line treatment for constipation that takes several days to act?
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Which vitamin deficiency can be caused by pregnancy?
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What is an important consideration when using oral contraceptives?
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Why should a client using terbutaline for preterm labor be cautious about prolonged use?
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What medication is used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and decrease nocturia?
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What should be done when using testosterone patches?
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What hormone is produced by the pituitary and causes uterine contractions during delivery?
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Which medication is used to decrease symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but may cause sexual dysfunction?
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What medication used for ulcerative colitis can cause hepatotoxicity?
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Which drug is indicated for the treatment of obesity?
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Which type of contraception is based on the timing since intercourse occurred?
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What medication is used to treat chronic constipation in cancer patients using opioids?
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Which class of medication is used to slow the progression of disease and may increase the risk of infection?
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What is an important administration instruction for alendronate, a bisphosphonate?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Medications in Obstetrics and Urology
- Oxytocin is produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates uterine contractions during delivery, and is used post-delivery to prevent hemorrhaging. Common side effect: rapid, painful contractions.
- Finasteride treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by decreasing symptoms like nocturia. Side effects include sexual dysfunction and impaired infertility.
- Methylnaltrexone is used for chronic constipation in advanced cancer patients on opioids.
Gastrointestinal Medications
- Sulfasalazine treats ulcerative colitis but can cause hepatotoxicity; caution in patients with severe hepatic or renal issues.
- Antacids neutralize stomach acid for temporary relief of heartburn, with an onset of action within 20-40 minutes; absorption affected if taken with other medications within two hours.
- Sucralfate coats and heals gastric erosion without affecting acid production.
Hormonal Therapies and Birth Control
- Emergency contraception is time-dependent based on the duration since intercourse.
- Oral contraceptives can be less effective when taken with antibiotics, anticonvulsants, or antifungals. Increased thrombolytic risk with examples such as estradiol.
- Conjugated estrogen may increase the risk of blood clots, particularly in women over age 35 and those with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Special Considerations in Pregnancy
- Terbutaline, a tocolytic, is used to delay preterm labor but has a black box warning against use longer than 48-72 hours during pregnancy due to potential fetal death.
- Magnesium sulfate relaxes smooth muscle and can delay preterm labor; overdose symptoms include confusion and decreased tendon reflexes.
Bone and Joint Health
- Alendronate is a bisphosphonate for osteoporosis treatment. Must be taken with a full glass of water and requires the person to remain upright for 30 minutes post-ingestion to prevent esophageal ulceration.
- DMARDs slow disease progression, commonly used alongside NSAIDs or steroids, but pose risks of infections and bone marrow suppression.
Nutritional and Supplement Considerations
- Folic acid deficiency may result from pregnancy, alcohol abuse, or malabsorption disorders.
- Vitamin A is safe in recommended doses during pregnancy but can cause fetal malformations in excess.
- Psyllium mucilloid is the first-line treatment for constipation and increases stool water and fat absorption.
Miscellaneous Medications
- Ondansetron is administered prior to procedural triggers; it may lengthen QT interval, posing dysrhythmia risks.
- TPN requires central line administration, monitoring of blood sugar, and strict refrigeration protocols.
- Medroxyprogesterone is a long-term contraceptive administered IM every three months with risks including thrombotic events.
Risks Associated with Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Hormone replacement therapy is associated with elevated risks for DVT (deep vein thrombosis), myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia.
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Description
Prepare for your pharmacology exam with this comprehensive review covering important concepts related to hormones and medications. Topics include oxytocin's role in childbirth and medications for BPH and ulcerative colitis, along with their side effects. This quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of key pharmacological principles.
