Questions and Answers
Which of the following are cephalosporins? (Select all that apply)
What is the commercial name for Telithromycin?
Ketek
What class of antibiotics does Rifamycins belong to?
RNA synthesis inhibitors
Match the following antibiotics with their classes:
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Ceftolozane/Tazobactam is an extended-spectrum penicillin.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of penicillin?
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What are the two main types of tetracyclines?
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An example of a lincosamide is ______.
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Which of the following antibiotics is used as a topical antibacterial?
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What is the class of antibiotics that includes Meropenem?
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Study Notes
Cell Wall Agents
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Cephalosporins: Classified into five generations.
- 3rd Generation: Includes Cefotaxime (Claforan®) and Ceftazidime (Fortaz®, Tazicef®).
- 4th Generation: Cefepime (Maxipime®).
- 5th Generation: Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (Zerbaxa®) effective against resistant gram-negative infections.
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Penicillins: Segment includes various classes.
- Natural Penicillins: Targeting streptococci and pneumococci.
- Aminopenicillins: Such as Amoxicillin and Ampicillin, used for broader Gram-positive coverage.
- Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins: Methicillin, for staphylococcal infections.
- Extended Spectrum Penicillins: Covers Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Other Antibiotic Classes
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Polymyxins: Utilized primarily for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.
- Examples include Colistin and Polymyxin B.
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Rifamycins: Key player in tuberculosis treatment.
- Fidaxomicin (Dificid®): Focused on Clostridium difficile infections.
Lincosamides and Oxazolidinones
- Lincosamides: Clindamycin is a prominent example, effective against anaerobic infections.
- Oxazolidinones: Linezolid, used for vancomycin-resistant infections.
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin and Tobramycin: Commonly prescribed for severe infections, particularly in hospitalized patients.
Fluoroquinolones
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
- Examples include Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.
Macrolides and Ketolides
- Macrolides: Include Azithromycin (Zithromax®) and Clarithromycin (Biaxin®), effective for respiratory infections.
- Ketolides: Telithromycin (Ketek®), targeting respiratory pathogens, with a unique mechanism against resistant strains.
Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- Carbapenems: Such as Meropenem (Merrem®) and Imipenem/Cilastatin (Primaxin®), vital for serious infections due to resistant bacteria.
- Glycopeptides: Vancomycin, essential for treating resistant Gram-positive infections.
- Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, primarily for anaerobic infections and protozoal diseases.
- Pleuromutilin: A newer class with effectiveness against resistant pathogens.
Urinary Tract Agents
- Specific agents like Nitrofurantoin for treating urinary tract infections.
Additional Points
- Understanding the classification of these agents helps in tailoring treatment based on bacterial resistance and infection type.
- The focus on antibiotic resistance requires knowledge of both common and emerging antibiotics within these classes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various antibiotics including Cephalosporins, Polymyxins, and Ketolides. This quiz will cover key drugs, mechanisms, and classifications essential for pharmacology. Prepare to dive deep into the pharmacological agents and their clinical applications.
