Drugs affecting bone metabolism

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Which disorder is characterized by progressive loss of bone mass and skeletal fragility?

Osteomalacia

Bone remodeling

Paget disease

Osteoporosis (correct)

In which disorder do patients experience disorganized bone formation and enlarged or misshapen bones?

Paget disease (correct)

Osteoporosis

Prevention of osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

What is the most common age group affected by osteoporosis?

Postmenopausal women and older adults (correct)

Elderly men

Young adults

Children

Which disorder is primarily attributed to vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Paget disease?

Bone deformities Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in an increased risk of fractures due to skeletal fragility?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with oral bisphosphonates?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

How can patients minimize esophageal irritation when taking oral bisphosphonates?

Remaining upright after taking the medication Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare adverse effect associated with bisphosphonates that affects the jaw and femur?

Osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fractures Signup and view all the answers

How often is denosumab administered for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Every 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a first-line agent for treating osteoporosis in high-risk fracture patients?

Denosumab Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect associated with denosumab use?

Increased risk of infections Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effects are associated with calcium supplementation?

Gas and bloating Signup and view all the answers

What should patients at risk for osteoporosis avoid in terms of drugs?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron preparations, thyroid replacement, and certain antibiotics?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the absorption of calcium and bone health?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

In whom is pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis warranted?

Postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years or over who meet specific criteria Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs, including alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid, is preferred for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonates Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of teriparatide and abaloparatide on bone metabolism?

Act as agonists at the parathyroid hormone receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with cumulative lifetime use of teriparatide or abaloparatide for more than 2 years?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Why is estrogen replacement therapy no longer recommended as a preventive therapy for osteoporosis?

May increase the risk of breast cancer and stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of other drugs used for osteoporosis, unlike teriparatide and abaloparatide?

Inhibit bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with teriparatide and abaloparatide use?

Orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

For which group of patients are teriparatide and abaloparatide generally reserved?

Patients with high risk of fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of raloxifene in treating osteoporosis?

Acting as an estrogen antagonist on bone Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is associated with the use of raloxifene?

Leg cramps Signup and view all the answers

Why is raloxifene recommended as an alternative to bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis?

It has estrogen-like effects on bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for salmon calcitonin in treating osteoporosis?

Reduction of bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

Why is salmon calcitonin less routinely recommended for osteoporosis treatment than other agents?

It is less effective than other agents Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of salmon calcitonin is most commonly used in osteoporosis?

Intranasal Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with estrogen-like effects on bone and estrogen antagonist effects on breast and endometrial tissue?

Raloxifene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with raloxifene use?

Venous thromboembolism Signup and view all the answers

Why should raloxifene be considered as an alternative to bisphosphonates or denosumab in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Reduced risk of venous thromboembolism Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in women who are at least 5 years postmenopausal and reduces bone resorption?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with calcitonin use for osteoporosis?

Rhinitis and other nasal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Why is calcitonin less effective than other agents for treating osteoporosis?

Less efficacy in increasing bone density Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes raloxifene from calcitonin in their respective mechanisms of action for treating osteoporosis?

Estrogen-like effects on bone Signup and view all the answers

Why is raloxifene preferred over bisphosphonates or denosumab for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment?

Reduction of endometrial cancer risk Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant differentiating factor between the intranasal and other formulations of salmon calcitonin?

Most commonly used in osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is considered less effective than other drugs for treating osteoporosis?