Drugs affecting bone  metabolism
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Questions and Answers

Which disorder is characterized by progressive loss of bone mass and skeletal fragility?

  • Osteomalacia
  • Bone remodeling
  • Paget disease
  • Osteoporosis (correct)

In which disorder do patients experience disorganized bone formation and enlarged or misshapen bones?

  • Paget disease (correct)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Prevention of osteoporosis
  • Osteomalacia

What is the most common age group affected by osteoporosis?

  • Postmenopausal women and older adults (correct)
  • Elderly men
  • Young adults
  • Children

Which disorder is primarily attributed to vitamin D deficiency?

<p>Osteomalacia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Paget disease?

<p>Bone deformities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in an increased risk of fractures due to skeletal fragility?

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with oral bisphosphonates?

<p>Diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can patients minimize esophageal irritation when taking oral bisphosphonates?

<p>Remaining upright after taking the medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare adverse effect associated with bisphosphonates that affects the jaw and femur?

<p>Osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often is denosumab administered for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

<p>Every 6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a first-line agent for treating osteoporosis in high-risk fracture patients?

<p>Denosumab (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect associated with denosumab use?

<p>Increased risk of infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effects are associated with calcium supplementation?

<p>Gas and bloating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients at risk for osteoporosis avoid in terms of drugs?

<p>Glucocorticoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron preparations, thyroid replacement, and certain antibiotics?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the absorption of calcium and bone health?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In whom is pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis warranted?

<p>Postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years or over who meet specific criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs, including alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid, is preferred for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis?

<p>Bisphosphonates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of teriparatide and abaloparatide on bone metabolism?

<p>Act as agonists at the parathyroid hormone receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with cumulative lifetime use of teriparatide or abaloparatide for more than 2 years?

<p>Hypercalcemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is estrogen replacement therapy no longer recommended as a preventive therapy for osteoporosis?

<p>May increase the risk of breast cancer and stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of other drugs used for osteoporosis, unlike teriparatide and abaloparatide?

<p>Inhibit bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with teriparatide and abaloparatide use?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which group of patients are teriparatide and abaloparatide generally reserved?

<p>Patients with high risk of fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of raloxifene in treating osteoporosis?

<p>Acting as an estrogen antagonist on bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is associated with the use of raloxifene?

<p>Leg cramps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is raloxifene recommended as an alternative to bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis?

<p>It has estrogen-like effects on bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for salmon calcitonin in treating osteoporosis?

<p>Reduction of bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is salmon calcitonin less routinely recommended for osteoporosis treatment than other agents?

<p>It is less effective than other agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of salmon calcitonin is most commonly used in osteoporosis?

<p>Intranasal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with estrogen-like effects on bone and estrogen antagonist effects on breast and endometrial tissue?

<p>Raloxifene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with raloxifene use?

<p>Venous thromboembolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should raloxifene be considered as an alternative to bisphosphonates or denosumab in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

<p>Reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in women who are at least 5 years postmenopausal and reduces bone resorption?

<p>Calcitonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with calcitonin use for osteoporosis?

<p>Rhinitis and other nasal symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is calcitonin less effective than other agents for treating osteoporosis?

<p>Less efficacy in increasing bone density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes raloxifene from calcitonin in their respective mechanisms of action for treating osteoporosis?

<p>Estrogen-like effects on bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is raloxifene preferred over bisphosphonates or denosumab for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment?

<p>Reduction of endometrial cancer risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant differentiating factor between the intranasal and other formulations of salmon calcitonin?

<p>Most commonly used in osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is considered less effective than other drugs for treating osteoporosis?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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