29 Questions
What is the primary function of non-opioid cough suppressants?
To suppress the cough reflex by numbing the stretch receptors in the respiratory tract
What is a common adverse effect of using adrenergic drugs like phenylephrine?
All of the above
What is the primary cause of excessive nasal secretions and inflamed and swollen nasal mucosa?
Both A and B
What is the anti-inflammatory effect of beclomethasone?
Reduces inflammation in the nasal passages
What is the primary route of administration for beclomethasone?
Nasal inhaler
What is a common adverse effect of dextromethorphan?
Both A and B
What is the primary role of H1-histamine antagonists in the treatment of allergies?
To reverse increased capillary permeability and edema
What is a common adverse effect of first-generation anti-histamines?
Drowsiness
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in treating allergic reactions?
Blocking the release of histamine
What is the main difference between first-generation and second-generation anti-histamines?
Second-generation anti-histamines have fewer CNS effects
What is the role of mast cells in asthma?
To release chemical mediators leading to inflammation
What is the effect of stabilizing the mast cell membrane in asthma?
It prevents the release of mediators from mast cells and eosinophils
What is the primary effect of stimulating β2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles?
Reduce bronchospasm
Which of the following is NOT a factor that exacerbates asthma?
Corticosteroids
What is the effect of anti-leukotrienes on leukotriene synthesis or receptors?
They inhibit leukotriene synthesis
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-cholinergic agents in treating asthma?
Blocking the action of acetylcholine
What is the time it takes for glucocorticoids to start taking effect?
After 6 hours
What is the advantage of using inhaled glucocorticoids?
They reduce systemic effects
What is the typical duration of action of salmeterol, a long-acting β2 adrenergic agonist?
Up to 12 hours
What is the primary adverse effect of ipratropium bromide, an anti-cholinergic agent?
Dry mouth
What is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
What is the typical route of administration for bronchodilators such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide?
Inhalation
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on mucous secretion?
They decrease mucous secretion
What is the primary function of antitussive drugs?
Suppressing the cough center in the brainstem
What is a characteristic of a productive cough?
It removes excessive secretions
What is the main difference between opioid and non-opioid antitussives?
Their mechanism of action
Why is codeine converted in the liver?
To convert it to morphine
What is a potential risk for rapid metabolizers of codeine?
Breathing difficulty
What is the primary indication for opioid antitussives?
Nonproductive coughs
Test your knowledge of antitussives, including cough suppressants, productive and nonproductive cough, and their effects on the respiratory system. Learn how these drugs work and their classification into different groups.
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