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Questions and Answers
A patient is experiencing symptoms of water intoxication. Based on the information, which action should be avoided?
A patient is experiencing symptoms of water intoxication. Based on the information, which action should be avoided?
- Limiting fluid intake
- Increasing water consumption (correct)
- Administering diuretics
- Monitoring electrolyte levels
A new drug has just been synthesized in a research lab. What is the first name that will be assigned to this drug?
A new drug has just been synthesized in a research lab. What is the first name that will be assigned to this drug?
- Generic name
- Chemical name (correct)
- Trade name
- Brand name
A medication's generic name is MOST useful for which of the following?
A medication's generic name is MOST useful for which of the following?
- Determining the drug's potential side effects
- Prescribing a consistent medication worldwide (correct)
- Identifying the manufacturer of the drug
- Marketing the drug to consumers
A pharmaceutical company in Iran is producing Alprazolam under a different trade name than Pfizer's Xanax. According to the text, which name is MOST likely associated with the Iranian company's product?
A pharmaceutical company in Iran is producing Alprazolam under a different trade name than Pfizer's Xanax. According to the text, which name is MOST likely associated with the Iranian company's product?
A doctor prescribes methylphenidate for a patient. Which of the following is the brand name of this medication?
A doctor prescribes methylphenidate for a patient. Which of the following is the brand name of this medication?
What form of medication is MOST commonly used?
What form of medication is MOST commonly used?
A patient finds it difficult to swallow tablets. Which of the following solid medication forms would be EASIEST for them to take?
A patient finds it difficult to swallow tablets. Which of the following solid medication forms would be EASIEST for them to take?
For treating a local skin irritation without wanting a systemic effect, which type of medication would be MOST appropriate?
For treating a local skin irritation without wanting a systemic effect, which type of medication would be MOST appropriate?
A patient requires a medication that needs to bypass the liver for rapid effect. What route of administration would be MOST appropriate?
A patient requires a medication that needs to bypass the liver for rapid effect. What route of administration would be MOST appropriate?
A patient is prescribed a medication that has a potential risk of dependency. Which of the following drugs in the Benzodiazepines class would be appropriate?
A patient is prescribed a medication that has a potential risk of dependency. Which of the following drugs in the Benzodiazepines class would be appropriate?
What is the MOST important characteristic of a solution for intravenous administration?
What is the MOST important characteristic of a solution for intravenous administration?
What do medications that are administered topically lack?
What do medications that are administered topically lack?
According to the information, which elements should a complete prescription include?
According to the information, which elements should a complete prescription include?
According to the excerpt, why might a prescription for Acetaminophen Amp not include dosage instructions (e.g., 'twice daily')?
According to the excerpt, why might a prescription for Acetaminophen Amp not include dosage instructions (e.g., 'twice daily')?
If a prescription includes the abbreviation 'Nasal' with a medication, how should this medication be administered?
If a prescription includes the abbreviation 'Nasal' with a medication, how should this medication be administered?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about eye drops according to the excerpt?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about eye drops according to the excerpt?
According to the information, what is the defining characteristic of depression?
According to the information, what is the defining characteristic of depression?
How does the prevalence of depression differ between men and women?
How does the prevalence of depression differ between men and women?
Someone experiencing a lack of enjoyment (anhedonia) is MOST likely suffering from which psychological condition?
Someone experiencing a lack of enjoyment (anhedonia) is MOST likely suffering from which psychological condition?
A patient's depression doesn’t respond to initial treatments. What is the MOST appropriate action according to the excerpt?
A patient's depression doesn’t respond to initial treatments. What is the MOST appropriate action according to the excerpt?
What is the role of serotonin in depression?
What is the role of serotonin in depression?
Why is it important to wait at least one week before expecting to see effects from antidepressant medications?
Why is it important to wait at least one week before expecting to see effects from antidepressant medications?
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the use of Amitriptyline?
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the use of Amitriptyline?
A patient is experiencing frequent nighttime urination which may be affecting his day-to-day life. According to the information, which the following medications could treat this?
A patient is experiencing frequent nighttime urination which may be affecting his day-to-day life. According to the information, which the following medications could treat this?
According to the excerpt, which medication is LEAST likely to cause sexual side effects?
According to the excerpt, which medication is LEAST likely to cause sexual side effects?
If a patient's brain is shrinking, what pathological condition are they MOST likely experiencing?
If a patient's brain is shrinking, what pathological condition are they MOST likely experiencing?
What is the MOST important goal of drug treatments in Alzheimer's disease, according to the information?
What is the MOST important goal of drug treatments in Alzheimer's disease, according to the information?
What factor significantly contributes to Alzheimer's disease becoming increasingly prevalent?
What factor significantly contributes to Alzheimer's disease becoming increasingly prevalent?
How do medications like Rivastigmine (Exelon) help in managing Alzheimer's disease?
How do medications like Rivastigmine (Exelon) help in managing Alzheimer's disease?
How does mania influence the transmission of dopamine?
How does mania influence the transmission of dopamine?
According to the information, which of the following side effects is MOST commonly associated with anti-psychotic medications?
According to the information, which of the following side effects is MOST commonly associated with anti-psychotic medications?
Which of the following medications is a typical medicine that's given to children and adolescents for Schizophrenia?
Which of the following medications is a typical medicine that's given to children and adolescents for Schizophrenia?
What is ONE primary reason why caffeine is often added to migraine medications?
What is ONE primary reason why caffeine is often added to migraine medications?
What is a PRIMARY distinction between migraine headaches and sinus headaches?
What is a PRIMARY distinction between migraine headaches and sinus headaches?
What is happening to the blood vessels during a migraine?
What is happening to the blood vessels during a migraine?
What is ONE strategy used to directly address the enlarged blood vessels that contribute to migraine pain?
What is ONE strategy used to directly address the enlarged blood vessels that contribute to migraine pain?
What is a notable feature of Ergotamine-C (Cafergot)?
What is a notable feature of Ergotamine-C (Cafergot)?
For a patient taking Sumatriptan (Migrstop), what should they do if their headache returns after initial relief?
For a patient taking Sumatriptan (Migrstop), what should they do if their headache returns after initial relief?
Flashcards
What is a drug?
What is a drug?
A substance that has an effect on the body.
What are the names of a drug?
What are the names of a drug?
Chemical name, Generic name and Brand name
What is a Generic name?
What is a Generic name?
The main name of the drug, constant throughout the world.
What is a Brand name?
What is a Brand name?
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What are the forms of a drug?
What are the forms of a drug?
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Solid drug examples
Solid drug examples
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Semi-solid drug examples
Semi-solid drug examples
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Liquid drug examples
Liquid drug examples
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What is oral drug administration?
What is oral drug administration?
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Alternative drug pathways
Alternative drug pathways
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Sublingual action
Sublingual action
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Injected drug locations?
Injected drug locations?
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What is a Number in prescription?
What is a Number in prescription?
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Abbreviated Dosage Forms
Abbreviated Dosage Forms
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If you are congested...
If you are congested...
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What is a psychotic episode?
What is a psychotic episode?
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Psychosis symptoms are:
Psychosis symptoms are:
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Drugs for anti-Psychotics:
Drugs for anti-Psychotics:
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What to consider with drugs:
What to consider with drugs:
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TCA
TCA
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Consider long-term effects
Consider long-term effects
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What is a anti-Seizure?
What is a anti-Seizure?
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Hypertension :
Hypertension :
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Anti-Hypertensive?
Anti-Hypertensive?
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What is Angina Pectoris?
What is Angina Pectoris?
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Nitroglycerin, What is this?
Nitroglycerin, What is this?
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What is Cardiac Failure?
What is Cardiac Failure?
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Drugs to think about here?
Drugs to think about here?
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A.F. Fib relation:
A.F. Fib relation:
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What to think of it?
What to think of it?
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It would be related to the
It would be related to the
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Drugs about estrogen.
Drugs about estrogen.
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Drugs to birth control:
Drugs to birth control:
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what will and what needs:
what will and what needs:
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Anti Biotic.
Anti Biotic.
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To not help all . with Antibiotics:
To not help all . with Antibiotics:
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With bad of a drug:
With bad of a drug:
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Drugs are often used the in there, for
Drugs are often used the in there, for
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Anti biotic the it.
Anti biotic the it.
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Study Notes
Pharm, Drug, Agent
- A drug/agent is defined as anything that has an effect on the body.
- The effect can be wide ranging and does not need to be specific.
- Drugs can have several different names.
Types of Drug Names
- Chemical name: A scientific name based on the molecular structure and only relevant to labs.
- Generic name: This is the primary name of the drug that is constant throughout the world. The original inventor chooses this name which is based on structure or function.
- Brand name: Used for marketing and specific to a company.
Examples of Drug Names
- Generic name: Methylphenidate.
- Brand name: Ritalin.
Medication Types
- Solid: Most commonly, pills and capsules.
- Semi-solid: Includes suppositories, creams and gels.
- Liquid: Includes suspensions and elixirs.
Solid Form Medications
- Pills: Most common form.
- Capsules: Covered in a hard shell.
- Suppository: Inserted vaginally or rectally.
- Powder: Examples include oral rehydration solution.
- Pearl: Like Vitamin D3
Semi-Solid Form Medications
- Ointments: Higher fat content.
- Creams: Between the fat & water content.
- Lotions or Gels.
- Liniments: Emulsions made using oil
Liquid Form Medications
- Suspensions: The ingredients don't fully dissolve.
- Elixirs: Contain alcohol.
- Syrups: A thick and sweet liquid.
Medication Administration
- Oral: Easiest route to administer
- Swallowed.
- Sublingual: Places under tongue to be quickly absorbed.
- Injections: Sterility is very important.
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
- Subcutaneous
- Intra-thecal
- Intraperitoneal
- Topical: Applied to the skin as a cream or ointment
- Inhalation: Via the nose or mouth to the lungs
Aspects of Prescriptions.
- Number: RX symbol.
- Name of the drug.
- form of the drug.
- dosage of said drug
- Number: Quantity of drug to dispense
- Instructions (Sig): Directions on how to use this medication.
- Refills: Number of refills allowed
Key Medication Related Abbreviations
- Tab: Tablet
- Cap: Capsule
- Powder
- Granule
- Supp: Suppository
- Pearl
- Syr: Syrup
- Elixir
- Susp: Suspension
- Crystal
- Oint: Ointment
- Cream
- Lot
- Drop
- Nasal. Drop
- Ear. Drop
- OPht. Drop
- Spray
- Nasal.spray
- Amp: Ampule
- Vial
- Nose = Nasal.
Depression
- Classified as neuro/mental health disease, affects brain and nerves.
- More common in women due to hormonal changes.
Classifications of Depression
- Mild.
- Severe.
- Treatment resistant.
Causes of Depression
- Can result from a combination of both genetics and environment. It often stems from low serotonin levels
- Serotonin: An inhibitory nerve cell transmitter.
Types of Medications for Depression
- Increase Serotonin levels
3 Categories of Medications to Increase Serotonin Levels
- TCAs: Tricyclic antidepressants. Typically have broad effects, high side effects
- SSRIs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Generally more important.
- Other: Various. Aiding medications.
Anti-Depressants
- Require one week to see effects.
- Used to treat depression (All variations of disorders in the previous slides)
- Used to treat other conditions
Other uses of anti-depressants.
- Anti-Anxiety
- Prevent Migraines
- Reduce overactive bladder
Neurotransmitters and Medications
- Must be adjusted to meet the condition of the patient
General Anti Depressants
- Amitriptyline
- Nortriptyline
- Imi Pramine
- Doxe Pin
- Clomi pramine
- Desi Pramine
- Trimi Pramine
- It is important to be cautious
- The levels MUST be closely checked
Important SSRIs to Know
- Fluoxetine
- Sertraline
- Flu voxamine
- Citalo pram
- Es-Citalopram
- Paroxetine
Alzheimer's Disease
- Fatal condition. Typically results in death
- No cure
- Medications can assist, but treatment is non-curative
Medicine of Alzheimer's Goal
- Increase the life expectancy.
- Raise quality of the remainder length of life
Disease Manifestations
- Memory Loss
- Pacing.
- Agitation.
- Loss of bodily control over most functions
- Death
Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine
- This helps balance both Gutamate and Glutomate
General Anti-Alzhimers Drugs
- Rivastigmine
- Done Pezil
- Galantamine
- Memantine
Psychosis
- A group of severe mental disorders in which a person has trouble knowing what is real versus what is not real
Manifestations of Psychosis
- Erratic behavior
- Hallucinations
- Trouble of recognizing the outside world
Other Issues Caused Via Psychosis
- Paranoia
- The person can be very dangerous
- Most are NOT
Neurotransmitter
- Dopamine is too high.
Treatment
- Goal is to reduce the levels
- High side effects
Key Drugs to Know
- Phenothiazines
- Generally for patients prone to seizures
Migraines
- Generally an overdiagnosed source of pain
Other Sources of Long Term Pain
- Sinus Pain
- Cluster Pain
- Chronic Tension
Most Common Symptom
- Pain on the sides of the eyes Causes an increase to blood flow
Quick Methods
- Relax
- Get Oxygen
- Go to a Dark Room
Most Important Info
- Caffeine
- Vasoconstrictor. So it decreases blood flow
- Increase the effects of other drugs
Migraine-Targeting Drugs
- Ergotamine-c
- Sumatriptan
- Rizatriptan
Anxiety and Sleep
- Both are generally managed by the same medications
Anti Anxiety Goal
- To manage various factors
- Restrict use over long times
- High potential for addiction
- Effects on memory can be severe
Key Anxiolytic Drugs
- Benzodiazepines
- Name is a derivative of "pam"
- Highly prone to addiction
Benzodiaze Pines Notes
- Alprazolam
- Zanakis
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Librium
- Lorazefam Tab
- Midazolam
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