Questions and Answers
What is the #1 indicator to give a sympathomimetic bronchodilator?
Wheezing
Sympathomimetic is also known as?
Front Door Bronchodilator
What is the difference between Chronotrope and Inotrope?
Chronotrope affects heart rate; Inotrope affects contractility.
Positive Chronotrope means + = ______ HR and - = ______ HR.
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What is the best order of drug classes to give a bronchodilator?
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Positive Inotrope means + = ______ Contractility and - = ______ Contractility.
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What are sympathomimetic medications used for?
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Explain Beta 1 Receptors.
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Explain Beta 2 Receptors.
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Explain Alpha 1 Receptors.
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What is the difference between USABA, SABA, LABA?
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Sympathomimetic stimulates what receptors?
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What does USABA mean?
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What does SABA mean?
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What does LABA mean?
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Why would you NOT use a LABA on an asthma attack?
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What is the most commonly used rescue medication?
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What does HAD mean?
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What is the purpose of a bronchodilator?
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What lung disease are bronchodilators used for?
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What does SGAW mean?
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What is the purpose and difference between FEV1 and SGAW?
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What is the difference between Adrenergic and Cholinergic?
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All sympathomimetic drugs are?
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What are the two types of Catecholamines?
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If the enzyme (cAMP) cyclic (3-5) adenosine monophosphate increases, what happens?
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All Catecholamines have what?
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What is the difference between Pure Catecholamines (USABA) and Catecholamine Derivatives (SABA/LABA)?
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What air sound would be a general indicator for the use of Racemic Epinephrine?
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The longer an amine side chain is the more specific it is to what receptor?
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What two enzymes inactivate Pure Catecholamines (NE)?
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Study Notes
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators
- Wheezing is the primary indicator for administering a sympathomimetic bronchodilator.
- Known as "Front Door Bronchodilator," sympathomimetics are key in respiratory treatments.
- Chronotropic agents affect heart rate, while inotropic agents influence contractility.
Chronotropic and Inotropic Differences
- Positive chronotropes increase heart rate, whereas negative ones decrease it.
- Positive inotropes enhance contractility, in contrast to negative inotropes which diminish contractility.
Bronchodilator Drug Classes
- The sequence for bronchodilator administration is: sympathomimetics first, followed by parasympatholytics, then xanthines.
- Sympathomimetic medications function by increasing heart rate and contractility (via B1 receptors), raising blood pressure (via alpha receptors), and promoting bronchodilation (via B2 receptors).
Receptor Functions
- Beta 1 receptors, located in the myocardium, increase heart rate and strength when stimulated.
- Beta 2 receptors are found in smooth muscle; stimulation leads to dilation and blockage results in constriction.
- Alpha 1 receptors in blood vessels cause constriction upon stimulation and dilation when blocked.
Types of Beta Agonists
- USABA (Ultra Short Acting Beta Agonist): effects last less than 3 hours.
- SABA (Short Acting Beta Agonist): lasts 4-6 hours and is commonly used for rescue.
- LABA (Long Acting Beta Agonist): duration exceeds 12 hours, not suitable for acute attacks due to slow onset.
Important Medication Facts
- The most frequently used rescue medication is SABA.
- Hyper Reactive Airway Disease (HAD) is a condition where bronchodilators are crucial.
- Bronchodilators aim to relax smooth muscle and improve airflow obstruction, measured by FEV1 and SGAW parameters.
Lung Diseases Treated with Bronchodilators
- Effective for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis (CF).
Measurement Terminology
- FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second) and SGAW (Specific Airway Conductants) are used to assess reversibility of airway obstruction post-bronchodilator.
Adrenergic vs. Cholinergic Mechanisms
- Adrenergic pathways utilize norepinephrine (NE), while cholinergic pathways utilize acetylcholine (ACh).
Catecholamines
- All sympathomimetic drugs are catecholamines, categorized as pure catecholamines (acting on A and B1 receptors) and catecholamine derivatives (acting on B2 receptors).
- Increasing levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) lead to smooth muscle relaxation.
Chemical Structure of Catecholamines
- Catecholamines consist of a catechol nucleus (benzene ring) and an amine side chain.
- Differences exist between pure catecholamines and derivatives in strength at various receptors and duration of action.
Specificity of Drug Action
- Longer amine side chains correlate with greater specificity to beta 2 receptors.
- Racemic epinephrine is indicated for mild to moderate stridor cases.
Enzyme Inactivation
- Pure catecholamines (e.g., norepinephrine) are inactivated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO).
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Test your knowledge on sympathomimetic drug classifications with these flashcards. Learn about bronchodilators, their indications, and key differences between related terms. Perfect for pharmacology students or healthcare professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.