Pharmacology: Drug Biotransformation and Metabolism

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What is the main mechanism of drug elimination through biotransformation?

Phase II reactions

Either phase I or phase II reactions (correct)

Phase I reactions

Liver microsomal enzyme systems

Where are the specific enzyme systems that catalyze metabolism located?

Brain

Lungs

Kidneys

Liver (correct)

What is the effect of biotransformation on the pharmacologic action of the parent drug?

It terminates the action (correct)

It has no effect

It intensifies the action

It increases the action

What is the term for the process where a more toxic metabolite is produced?

Lethal synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a drug that is biotransformed into a pharmacologically active metabolite?

Prodrug Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of biotransformation on the biological half-life of a drug?

It decreases the half-life Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increased incidence of toxicity with propranolol and lignocaine in elderly?

Decreased hepatic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of genetically determined variation in drug response?

Pharmacogenetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic diseases of liver on hepatic metabolism of some drugs?

Decreased metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Why do neonates conjugate chloramphenicol more slowly?

Due to decreased activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fast acetylators of isoniazid?

Hepatotoxicity and require larger dose of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of atypical pseudocholinesterase metabolizing succinylcholine?

Prolonged apnea due to paralysis of respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of poor nutrition on enzyme function?

Decrease enzyme function Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of G6PD activity in RBCs?

To maintain the integrity of RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on drug metabolism?

Can result in increased or decreased metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Where are the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems localized?

In the liver microsomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition on drug interactions?

They represent the major sites of drug interactions Signup and view all the answers

What type of factors play an important role in regulating the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a known factor that stimulates the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver microsomes?

Hormonal changes in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pretreating the second mouse with phenobarbitone in Experiment 1?

To induce the enzyme responsible for thiopental biotransformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of starvation on the biotransformation of thiopental?

It inhibits the biotransformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of pretreating the mouse with an enzyme inducer such as phenobarbitone?

It decreases the duration of action of thiopental Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose of thiopental administered to the mice in Experiment 1?

100 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers