Pharmacology Chapter 2 Quiz

Medications that produce an effect at a lower dosage.

Medications that require a higher dosage to produce an effect.

The initial flat phase where low doses fail to cause a significant response.

As doses increase, more receptors bind, leading to a greater response.

Phase where all receptors are occupied, and increasing dosage yields no further response.

Effective Dose for 50% of the population; measure of medication effectiveness.

Toxic Dose for 50% of the population; measure of medication toxicity.

The ratio of TD50 to ED50, representing medication safety.

Time when medication reaches maximum effectiveness/concentration.

How long the medication remains effective at therapeutic concentration.

How medications interact with body receptors to produce effects.

Safety margin of a drug measured between its effective dose and toxic dose.

A substance that enhances receptor activity.

A substance that provides moderate receptor activity.

Nurses gather baseline data and assess drug effectiveness over time.

Administers drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract.

The process of a drug spreading throughout the body via blood and lymph to reach its action sites.

Elements that influence how quickly and widely a drug is delivered in the body, including blood supply and tissue types.

Organs with rich blood supply receive drugs quickly, while those with less blood supply receive them slowly.

Drugs bind to plasma proteins; bound drugs are inactive, while free drugs are active and can exert effects.

Lipid-soluble drugs accumulate in fat tissue, affecting their distribution and prolonging their presence in the body.

Some drugs can’t pass barriers like the blood-brain and placental barriers, affecting specific tissues.

The effectiveness of a drug is directly influenced by the amount reaching receptor sites; insufficient drug can weaken response.

The process by which the body inactivates drugs, mainly in the liver, with minor roles from other organs.

The time when the drug reaches its highest concentration at receptor sites, producing maximum pharmacologic response.

The length of time a drug produces a pharmacologic effect after administration.

The lowest drug level required to produce a desired effect.

The drug level above which toxic effects occur.

The ideal drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic threshold.

The amount of drug present in the blood, measured by blood samples.

Any harmful, unintended effect of a drug used for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.

Injury caused by medical intervention with a drug, like dosage errors.

Classes of drugs often associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Most adverse drug reactions can be anticipated based on a drug's known effects.

Monitoring patients is essential to adjust drug dosages for safety and effectiveness.

An unpredictable and abnormal response to a drug, often genetically influenced.

An immune system response to a drug after previous exposure, causing symptoms like hives.

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate medical attention.

When one drug affects the effect of another, altering its intended action.

FDA program allowing voluntary reporting of adverse drug reactions to enhance safety.

Drug interactions can increase or decrease the action of one or both drugs.

Some drug combinations enhance effects, like caffeine with antihistamines.

Absorption changes, primarily in the GI tract, affect how drugs are taken in.

Antacids increase stomach pH, reducing ketoconazole absorption.

Drug distribution is affected by how drugs bind to plasma proteins.

One drug can displace another from protein sites, increasing its effect.

Some drugs reduce the breakdown of others, raising their levels.

Erythromycin inhibits the metabolism of theophylline, increasing its concentration.