Pharmacology Chapter 2 Quiz

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What does the 'peak' of a medication's effect refer to?

The level of the medication just before the next dose is administered

The time it takes for the medication to start working.

The point when the medication reaches its maximum concentration. (correct)

The length of time the medication remains effective.

Which of the following best describes the 'duration' of a medication?

The period during which the medication maintains a therapeutic effect. (correct)

The maximum effect the medication can produce.

The speed at which the medication is absorbed.

The lowest concentration of the medication in the body.

A medication that enhances receptor activity is classified as a(n):

Partial Agonist

Inhibitor

Antagonist

Agonist (correct)

What is a crucial step when administering a medication with a narrow therapeutic index?

Monitoring the trough level to prevent toxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a baseline assessment before starting a new medication?

To enable tracking of the drug's effectiveness and changes over time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these routes of administration delivers medication directly to the GI tract?

Enteral Route (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a drug's therapeutic index?

It indicates the safety margin of a drug. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a medication has a rapid onset, such as 5-15 minutes for insulin aspart, the health care professional must:

Ensure food is available to avoid hypoglycemia. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is NOT commonly affected by adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

Vaccines (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) effectively?

Patient monitoring (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines an idiosyncratic reaction?

An abnormal response due to genetic factors (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do allergic reactions to medications typically develop?

They involve antibodies developed after the first exposure to the drug. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of clinical decision systems in medication safety?

They alert prescribers to potential drug-drug interactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of a severe allergic reaction?

Anaphylaxis, which may be life-threatening (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of drug interactions?

They involve changes in the effect of one drug due to another drug. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FDA MedWatch program?

To allow voluntary reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the dose of a medication and its effect in Phase 2 of the dose-response curve?

The response increases proportionally to the dose, with more receptors being occupied by the medication. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum effective concentration (MEC) of a medication?

The lowest dose of a medication that produces a therapeutic effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the therapeutic index (TI) of a medication measure?

The safety margin between the effective dose and the toxic dose. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A medication with a narrow therapeutic index, like lithium, requires close monitoring because:

The difference between the effective dose and the toxic dose is small, making overdosing a risk. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what phase of the dose-response curve does the medication reach its maximum efficacy?

Phase 3 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of a medication?

The time it takes for the medication to start producing its desired effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are bolus or loading doses used for medications with a rapid onset of action?

To help the medication reach the minimum effective concentration quickly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the peak action of a drug?

The time when the drug reaches its highest concentration at receptor sites. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the therapeutic range of a drug indicate?

The range between the minimum effective concentration and the toxicity threshold. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR)?

Thrombocytopenia. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the action to take in response to a low blood level of a drug?

Increase the dosage or administer the drug more frequently. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is an adverse drug event (ADE) defined?

Any injury caused by medical intervention involving a drug. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a drug's duration of action?

How long the drug maintains effective concentration in the bloodstream. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes minimum effective concentration?

The lowest concentration needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes toxic effects related to drug administration?

Exceeding the toxicity threshold of the drug. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes beneficial drug interactions?

Caffeine reduces the drowsiness caused by antihistamines. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antacids on ketoconazole absorption?

Antacids increase stomach pH, reducing ketoconazole dissolution. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do drugs bind to plasma proteins affect their pharmacological activity?

Unbound drugs are the only ones that exhibit pharmacological activity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when furosemide displaces warfarin from protein binding sites?

More warfarin becomes unbound, increasing its anticoagulant effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug inhibits the metabolism of theophylline?

Erythromycin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of combining two drugs that bind heavily to the same plasma protein?

Increased risk of toxicity from the displaced drug. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What solution is recommended for minimizing the interaction between aluminum-containing antacids and tetracycline?

Taking the antacid at least 3 to 4 hours after tetracycline. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what way can a drug inhibit the metabolism of another drug?

By binding to the enzymes involved in drug metabolism. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of drug distribution?

The movement of a drug from its administration site to its target tissues and organs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs receives a drug most rapidly due to its rich blood supply?

Liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma proteins in drug distribution?

They transport drugs throughout the body and bind to them (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does lipid solubility influence drug distribution?

Lipid-soluble drugs are more likely to accumulate in fat tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a barrier that some drugs cannot pass, affecting their distribution and therapeutic effects?

Blood-brain barrier (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site for drug metabolism in the human body?