Questions and Answers
What is dopamine used for?
Shock, pulmonary arrest, to increase BP
Which brand name corresponds to dopamine?
What are the adverse reactions associated with dopamine?
Dysrhythmias, tremors, BP fluctuations
What is the action of midodrine?
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What is the brand name of midodrine?
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What does a positive inotropic effect refer to?
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What does a positive chronotropic effect refer to?
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What does a positive dromotropic effect refer to?
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Adrenergics stimulate which part of the nervous system?
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What is a catecholamine?
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Where are Alpha 1 receptors located?
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Study Notes
Dopamine
- Brand name: Intropin
- Class: Beta 1 adrenergic
- Indications: Used for shock, pulmonary arrest, and to increase blood pressure (BP)
- Action: Stimulates B1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, enhancing force of contraction, heart rate (HR), conduction, and increases renin production in kidneys
- Route: Administered intravenously (IV)
- Adverse reactions: Possible dysrhythmias, tremors, and fluctuations in BP
- Nursing implications: Regularly assess cardiac and respiratory function, monitor urine output, and EKG readings
- Therapeutic outcome: Aims for improved cardiac output, normalized BP, and enhanced capillary flow
Midodrine
- Brand name: ProAmatine
- Class: Alpha 1 adrenergic
- Indications: Treats orthostatic hypotension and supports cardiovascular system during failure or shock
- Action: Alpha1 stimulation causes vasoconstriction in arterioles and veins, leading to increased peripheral resistance
- Route: Administered orally at 10mg three times a day (TID)
- Adverse reactions: Risks include bradycardia, supine hypertension, and headaches
- Nursing implications: Monitor orthostatic blood pressure and renal/hepatic function; first dose should be taken shortly after waking
- Therapeutic outcome: Aims to decrease symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and urinary incontinence
Epinephrine
- Brand: Adrenalin
- Class: Beta/Alpha adrenergic
- Indications: Used in cases of anaphylaxis, cardiac stimulation, and emergency cardiac life support
- Action: Relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle via stimulation of beta 2 and alpha receptors in the sympathetic nervous system; increases force of contraction and HR
- Route: Can be given IV or intramuscularly (IM)
- Adverse reactions: Possible drowsiness, palpitations, and dyspnea
- Nursing implications: Monitor lung sounds, respiratory patterns, check for chest pain, and EKG changes; may cause increased glucose levels in diabetes patients
- Therapeutic outcomes: Aims to elevate BP when used as a vasopressor, improve ease of breathing, and reverse anaphylaxis symptoms
Phenylephrine
- Brand: Neo-Synephrine
- Class: Alpha adrenergic
- Indications: Raises BP in shock patients, controls dysrhythmias, and produces vasoconstriction
- Action: Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors to constrict blood vessels
- Route: Administered intravenously (IV)
- Adverse reactions: Potential BP elevation, dizziness, and arrhythmias
- Nursing implications: Monitor BP every 2-3 minutes until stable; must dilute the IV solution
- Therapeutic outcome: Aims to increase BP to normal ranges
Positive Inotropic Effect
- Definition: Refers to the increased force of contraction of the heart
Positive Chronotropic Effect
- Definition: Refers to the increased heart rate
Positive Dromotropic Effect
- Definition: Refers to increased conduction through the AV node, leading to a stronger systolic heartbeat
Adrenergic Drugs
- Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- Also called sympathomimetics because they mimic effects of SNS neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
Catecholamines
- Definition: Substances that induce a sympathomimetic response, primarily epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, triggering the fight or flight response
Alpha 1 Receptors
- Location: Found on postsynaptic effector cells such as muscle, organ, or cell that is stimulated by the nerve
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Description
Explore key concepts related to adrenergic drugs with this flashcard quiz. Learn about dopamine, its indications, mechanisms of action, and nursing implications. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or nursing.
