Pharmacology Chapter 16 Flashcards

Antacids

1. Constipation (with aluminum or calcium carbonate antacids) 2. Diarrhea (with magnesium antacids) 3. Electrolyte imbalance 4. Urinary calculi (stone formation) and renal complications 5. Osteoporosis (with aluminum antacids) 6. Belching and flatulence (with calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate)

1. Heart failure 2. Chronic kidney disease or history of renal calculi 3. Cirrhosis of the liver or edema 4. Dehydration or electrolyte imbalance

<ol> <li>Anti-infectives, especially tetracyclines, quinolones, and isoniazid 2. Digoxin, indomethacin, and iron 3. Salicylates and thyroid hormones 4. Bisphosphonates (i.e., Actonel, Fosamax)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diazepam, which increases sedation 2. Amphetamines and quinidine, which increase cardiac irregularities 3. Enteric-coated drugs may be released prematurely in the stomach</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2-receptor antagonists reduce gastric acid secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diarrhea, dizziness, rash, and headache 2. Mild gynecomastia with cimetidine occurs infrequently and is reversible 3. Mental confusion (especially in older or debilitated adults; less with Pepcid)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Renal disease (may need to reduce dose and/or frequency) 2. Pregnancy 3. Lactation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Warfarin (Coumadin) 2. Phenytoin 3. Beta-blockers 4. Benzodiazepines 5. Lidocaine 6. Theophylline (also with high doses of Zantac) 7. Tricyclic antidepressants 8. Proton pump inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of H2-blockers; when given together the H2-blocker is usually given at bedtime</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Omeprazole (Prilosec) 2. Soprazole (Prevacid) 3. Rabeprazole (Aciphex) 4. Pantoprazole (Protinix) 5. Esomeprazole (Nexium)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain 2. Increased risk for pneumonia or intestinal (Clostridium difficile) infection</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Clopidogrel (Plavix) 2. H2-blockers (decrease PPI effectiveness) 3. Sucralfate (delays absorption of most PPIs) 4. Benzodiazepines, phenytoin, and warfarin (increased serum levels) 5. Ampicillin, ketoconazole, iron salts, vitamin B12, bisphosphonates (results in poor bioavailability)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misoprostol (Cytotec)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain 2. Menstrual irregularities 3. Spontaneous abortion, possibly incomplete, with potentially dangerous uterine bleeding or maternal or fetal death</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Women of childbearing age 2. Pregnant women 3. Children under age 12</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucralfate (Carafate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicyclomine (Bentyl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Dry mouth and constipation 2. Blurred vision, dizziness, and drowsiness 3. Urinary retention 4. Tachycardia, palpitations 5. Confusion (especially in older adults)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Glaucoma (narrow angle) 2. Unstable cardiac disease 3. Obstructive GI disease and ulcerative colitis 4. Obstructive uropathy (BPH and bladder obstruction) 5. Myasthenia gravis 6. Lactation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Phenothiazines 2. Tricyclic antidepressants 3. Opiate agonists</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Mesalamine (Asacol, Rowasa) 2. Prodrug sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dyspepsia 2. Abdominal pain, cramps, and bloating 3. Headache, weakness, dizziness, and rash 4. Intolerance to sulfasalazine can be minimized by taking the enteric-coated product.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Allergy to salicylates 2. Allergy to sulfonamides with sulfasalazine 3. Allergy to sulfites (Rowasa enema) 4. Renal impairment 5. Hepatic impairment (with sulfasalazine)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Warfarin (increased risk of hemorrhage) 2. Methotrexate (increased bone marrow suppression) 3. Cyclosporine (decreased efficacy) 4. Oral diabetic agents (hypoglycemia) 5. Folic acid (absorption is inhibited)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bismuth Subsalicylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Transient, occasional constipation 2. Discoloration of tongue and stool (black color) 3. Ringing in ears</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Warfarin (increases bleeding) 2. Aspirin and methotrexate (increases toxicity) 3. Quinolones and tetracyclines (decreased bioavailability)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Salicylate hypersensitivity 2. Children recovering from chickenpox or influenza 3. Coagulation abnormalities and ulcers 4. Pregnancy and lactation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opiate agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Anticholinergic effects (e.g., drying of secretions, blurred vision) 2. Abdominal distention, nausea, or vomiting</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diarrhea caused by infection or poisoning 2. Fever over 101°F 3. Young children (under 3 years of age) 4. Pregnancy 5. Clostridium difficile colitis associated with antibiotics 6. Obstructive jaundice</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactobacillus acidophilus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Anyone with a high fever; weakened immune system 2. Those sensitive to milk products 3. Long-term use, unless directed by the physician 4. Patients with prosthetic heart valves</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium difficile diarrhea (C. diff)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiflatulents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Bulk-forming laxatives 2. Stool softeners 3. Emollients 4. Saline laxatives 5. Stimulant laxatives 6. Osmotic laxatives 7. Chloride channel activators</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulk-forming laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emollients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saline laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Electrolyte imbalance 2. CNS symptoms, including weakness 3. Edema 4. Cardiac, renal, and hepatic complications</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Long-term use 2. Heart failure or other cardiac disease 3. Edema 4. Diuretics 5. Acute abdominal pain 6. Colostomy</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulant laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Abdominal cramps 2. Rectal and/or colonic irritation 3. Loss of normal bowel function 4. Electrolyte disturbances 5. Discoloration of urine with senna</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Acute abdominal pain 2. Ulcerative colitis 3. Children and pregnant/lactating women 4. Long-term use</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmotic laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloride channel activators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Nausea and diarrhea 2. Headache 3. Abdominal bloating or pain and flatulence</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Severe diarrhea or bowel obstruction 2. Renal or hepatic impairment 3. Pregnancy and breast-feeding</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antimetics</p> Signup and view all the answers