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Questions and Answers
Identify a difference between 'typical' antipsychotic drugs and 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs.
Identify a difference between 'typical' antipsychotic drugs and 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs.
- Unlike 'typical' antipsychotic drugs, 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs reduce dopamine activity more than they reduce the activity of serotonin.
- 'Typical' antipsychotic drugs produce a lower incidence of extrapyramidal syndrome than 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs.
- 'Typical' antipsychotic drugs primarily block D2 receptors, whereas 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs primarily block 5HT2A receptors. (correct)
- Unlike 'typical' antipsychotic drugs, 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs include drugs like phenothiazine, butyrophenone, and thioxanthine.
Which of the following statements is true of antipsychotic drugs?
Which of the following statements is true of antipsychotic drugs?
- Antipsychotic drugs produce their pharmacological effects by blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine. (correct)
- Antipsychotic drugs stimulate both D2 and 5HT2A receptors.
- Antipsychotic drugs increase dopaminergic activity.
- Antipsychotic drugs facilitate the binding of serotonin to its receptors.
How does anxiety affect the human body?
How does anxiety affect the human body?
- It decreases the activity of the limbic system.
- It enhances the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- It deactivates the reticular activating system.
- It triggers the hyperarousal of the cerebral cortex. (correct)
The _____ plays a major role in the regulation and control of emotions.
The _____ plays a major role in the regulation and control of emotions.
One of the main causes of psychosis is _____.
One of the main causes of psychosis is _____.
The excessive blockade of dopamine receptor D2 is the main cause of _____.
The excessive blockade of dopamine receptor D2 is the main cause of _____.
Atypical antipsychotics differ from the other classes of antipsychotics because they:
Atypical antipsychotics differ from the other classes of antipsychotics because they:
From which condition is David most likely suffering?
From which condition is David most likely suffering?
Which of the following statements is true of phenothiazines?
Which of the following statements is true of phenothiazines?
How else is Alex going to be affected by the drug?
How else is Alex going to be affected by the drug?
People who develop neurological conditions such as akathisia and parkinsonism as adverse reactions to phenothiazine drugs can be treated by:
People who develop neurological conditions such as akathisia and parkinsonism as adverse reactions to phenothiazine drugs can be treated by:
One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotics is their ability to:
One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotics is their ability to:
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Study Notes
Antipsychotic Drugs
- Typical vs. Atypical: Typical antipsychotics primarily block D2 receptors; atypical antipsychotics primarily block 5HT2A receptors.
- Extrapyramidal Effects: Typical antipsychotics have a lower incidence of extrapyramidal syndrome compared to atypical antipsychotics.
- Pharmacological Effects: Antipsychotic drugs produce effects by blocking or reducing dopamine's effects in the brain.
Anxiety and the Brain
- Cerebral Cortex Activation: Anxiety triggers hyperarousal in the cerebral cortex, which can lead to heightened sensory awareness and alertness.
- Limbic System: The limbic system plays a crucial role in emotional regulation and control.
Psychosis
- Causes of Psychosis: Schizophrenia is a primary cause of psychosis, and it significantly impacts a person's perception and cognition.
- Dopamine Blockade: Excessive blockade of D2 dopamine receptors can lead to extrapyramidal syndrome.
Phenothiazines
- Pharmacological Effects: Phenothiazines can cause both anticholinergic and antiemetic effects; they primarily block D2 receptors over 5HT2A receptors.
- Therapeutic Onset: It typically takes several weeks for phenothiazines to produce therapeutic effects.
- Adverse Reactions: Neurological conditions like akathisia and parkinsonism can arise as adverse reactions, which can be treated with centrally acting anticholinergic drugs.
Antipsychotic Impact
- Behavioral Changes: Patients taking phenothiazines may exhibit reduced behavioral activation and demonstrate less engagement with their surroundings.
- Management of Symptoms: Symptoms like involuntary movements (indicative of tardive dyskinesia) can be managed by reinstating phenothiazine treatment.
Treatment Strategies
- Dosage Adjustment: Increasing medication dosage is not an effective treatment for adverse reactions; administration of centrally acting anticholinergic drugs is preferred.
- Patient Experience: Patients often experience significant effects from antipsychotic drugs in terms of behavioral engagement and overall mental health stability.
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