Pharmacology Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Identify a difference between 'typical' antipsychotic drugs and 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs.

Unlike 'typical' antipsychotic drugs, 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs reduce dopamine activity more than they reduce the activity of serotonin.

'Typical' antipsychotic drugs produce a lower incidence of extrapyramidal syndrome than 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs.

'Typical' antipsychotic drugs primarily block D2 receptors, whereas 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs primarily block 5HT2A receptors. (correct)

Unlike 'typical' antipsychotic drugs, 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs include drugs like phenothiazine, butyrophenone, and thioxanthine.

Which of the following statements is true of antipsychotic drugs?

Antipsychotic drugs produce their pharmacological effects by blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine. (correct)

Antipsychotic drugs stimulate both D2 and 5HT2A receptors.

Antipsychotic drugs increase dopaminergic activity.

Antipsychotic drugs facilitate the binding of serotonin to its receptors.

How does anxiety affect the human body?

It decreases the activity of the limbic system.

It enhances the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

It deactivates the reticular activating system.

It triggers the hyperarousal of the cerebral cortex. (correct)

The _____ plays a major role in the regulation and control of emotions.

limbic system Signup and view all the answers

One of the main causes of psychosis is _____.

schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

The excessive blockade of dopamine receptor D2 is the main cause of _____.

extrapyramidal syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Atypical antipsychotics differ from the other classes of antipsychotics because they:

reduce the activity of serotonin more than they reduce the activity of dopamine. Signup and view all the answers

From which condition is David most likely suffering?

Tardive dyskinesia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true of phenothiazines?

Phenothiazines can produce both anticholinergic and antiemetic effects. Signup and view all the answers

How else is Alex going to be affected by the drug?

She will demonstrate less behavioral activation. Signup and view all the answers

People who develop neurological conditions such as akathisia and parkinsonism as adverse reactions to phenothiazine drugs can be treated by:

administering centrally acting anticholinergic drugs. Signup and view all the answers

One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotics is their ability to:

block dopamine D2 receptors to a greater degree than serotonin 5HT2A receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antipsychotic Drugs

Typical vs. Atypical: Typical antipsychotics primarily block D2 receptors; atypical antipsychotics primarily block 5HT2A receptors.
Extrapyramidal Effects: Typical antipsychotics have a lower incidence of extrapyramidal syndrome compared to atypical antipsychotics.
Pharmacological Effects: Antipsychotic drugs produce effects by blocking or reducing dopamine's effects in the brain.

Anxiety and the Brain

Cerebral Cortex Activation: Anxiety triggers hyperarousal in the cerebral cortex, which can lead to heightened sensory awareness and alertness.
Limbic System: The limbic system plays a crucial role in emotional regulation and control.

Psychosis

Causes of Psychosis: Schizophrenia is a primary cause of psychosis, and it significantly impacts a person's perception and cognition.
Dopamine Blockade: Excessive blockade of D2 dopamine receptors can lead to extrapyramidal syndrome.

Phenothiazines

Pharmacological Effects: Phenothiazines can cause both anticholinergic and antiemetic effects; they primarily block D2 receptors over 5HT2A receptors.
Therapeutic Onset: It typically takes several weeks for phenothiazines to produce therapeutic effects.
Adverse Reactions: Neurological conditions like akathisia and parkinsonism can arise as adverse reactions, which can be treated with centrally acting anticholinergic drugs.

Antipsychotic Impact

Behavioral Changes: Patients taking phenothiazines may exhibit reduced behavioral activation and demonstrate less engagement with their surroundings.
Management of Symptoms: Symptoms like involuntary movements (indicative of tardive dyskinesia) can be managed by reinstating phenothiazine treatment.

Treatment Strategies

Dosage Adjustment: Increasing medication dosage is not an effective treatment for adverse reactions; administration of centrally acting anticholinergic drugs is preferred.
Patient Experience: Patients often experience significant effects from antipsychotic drugs in terms of behavioral engagement and overall mental health stability.

Description

Test your knowledge of the differences between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs with these flashcards. Explore the mechanisms of action, receptor interactions, and side effects associated with these medications. Perfect for students and professionals studying pharmacology.