Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes first-generation antipsychotic drugs in terms of their classification?
What distinguishes first-generation antipsychotic drugs in terms of their classification?
- Their affinity for serotonin receptors
- Their affinity for dopamine D2 receptors (correct)
- Their clinical effectiveness
- Their potential to cause metabolic side effects
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs?
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs?
- Extrapyramidal symptoms (correct)
- Weight gain
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Metabolic syndrome
In terms of side effects, what is a significant risk associated with the use of clozapine?
In terms of side effects, what is a significant risk associated with the use of clozapine?
- Agranulocytosis (correct)
- Sleep disturbances
- Severe hypertension
- Persistent nausea
Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of second-generation antipsychotics?
Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of second-generation antipsychotics?
Why is clozapine's clinical use limited to refractory patients?
Why is clozapine's clinical use limited to refractory patients?
Flashcards
First-generation antipsychotics
First-generation antipsychotics
First-generation antipsychotic drugs (also called conventional, typical, or traditional antipsychotics) block dopamine D2 receptors, which is their primary mechanism of action.
Second-generation antipsychotics
Second-generation antipsychotics
Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (also called atypical antipsychotics) have fewer extrapyramidal side effects than the first-generation drugs but have a higher risk of metabolic side effects like diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and weight gain.
Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)
Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)
A type of side effect associated with first-generation antipsychotics that can include tremors, muscle stiffness, and involuntary movements.
Clozapine
Clozapine
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Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis
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Study Notes
Antipsychotic Drugs
- Antipsychotic drugs are categorized into first- and second-generation agents.
- First-generation drugs are further classified as low-potency or high-potency based on their affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, which affects their side effects.
- First-generation antipsychotics are competitive inhibitors at various receptors, but their antipsychotic effect is linked to blocking dopamine D2 receptors.
- Second-generation antipsychotics have fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) compared to first-generation drugs, but are associated with a higher risk of metabolic side effects like diabetes, high cholesterol, and weight gain.
- Second-generation drugs likely work by blocking both serotonin and dopamine receptors (and possibly others).
- Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic with minimal EPS risk.
- Clozapine's use is limited to resistant cases due to significant side effects like bone marrow suppression, seizures, and cardiovascular issues.
- Frequent monitoring of white blood cell counts is crucial due to the risk of agranulocytosis (a serious blood disorder) with clozapine.
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