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Pharmacology Basics
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Pharmacology Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of synthetic drugs over natural sources?

  • Faster manufacturing process
  • Lower cost of production
  • Increased availability
  • Improved purity and uniformity (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology product?

  • Erythropoietin (correct)
  • Metformin
  • Paracetamol
  • Ibuprofen

    • What is the primary function of a dosage form?

  • To provide a specific route of administration
  • To protect the active ingredient and make it suitable for administration (correct)
  • To identify the active ingredient
  • To determine the dosage strength

    • Which of the following is an example of a parenteral route of administration?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a list of medications that a facility stocks or uses for disease management?

    <p>Formulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sources of drugs is responsible for the development of metformin?

    <p>Chemical synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of using genes, peptides, proteins, or other substances for their therapeutic potential?

    <p>Biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a drug compendium?

    <p>To list medications approved for use in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pharmacology defined as?

    <p>The scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drug defined as?

    <p>Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Drug Compendium?

    <p>A comprehensive listing of the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and biologicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Formulary?

    <p>A list of prescription drugs covered by a prescription drug plan or another insurance plan offering prescription drug benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Drug Monograph?

    <p>A factual, scientific document on a drug product that describes the properties, claims, indications and conditions of use of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a source of drug information?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described in a Product Monograph?

    <p>The properties, claims, indications and conditions of use of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common purpose of a Drug Compendium?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive listing of approved drugs and biologicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of powders in solid dosage forms?

    <p>They contain finely divided particles in micron size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tablets are designed to release the medicament over an extended period of time?

    <p>Sustained/Extended release tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for suppositories?

    <p>Rectal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Investigative New Drug (IND) application?

    <p>To conduct clinical trials for a new drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a New Drug Application (NDA)?

    <p>To obtain approval for a new drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ointments?

    <p>They are semisolid dosage forms for external use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

    <p>To regulate food and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for injectable preparations?

    <p>Subcutaneous or intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Pharmacology

    • Scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms
    • A drug is a chemical substance, natural or synthetic, that affects a biological system

    Major Areas of Pharmacology

    • Study of drugs and their effects on living organisms

    Sources of Drug Information

    • Drug Compendia: comprehensive listing of FDA-approved drugs and biologicals
    • Drug Monograph: factual, scientific document describing properties, claims, indications, and conditions of use of a drug
    • Formulary: list of prescription drugs covered by a prescription drug plan or insurance plan

    Dosage Forms

    • Solid: powders, tablets, capsules, lozenges, suppositories
    • Liquids: aqueous solutions, suspensions, elixirs, drops, lotions, injections
    • Semi-Solids: ointments, pastes, gels
    • Inhalation: internal liquid preparations containing medicaments dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent

    Drug Trials

    • Investigative New Drug (IND)
    • New Drug Application (NDA)
    • Biologics License Application (BLA)

    Drug Legislation Acts

    • Federal Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
    • Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938)
    • Amendment to the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (1962)
    • Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970)
    • Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (1996)
    • The Cannabis Act (2018)

    Sources of Drugs

    • Plants
    • Animals
    • Microbes
    • Chemical synthesis: mineral, synthetic, biotechnology

    Drugs from Natural Sources

    • Plants
    • Animals
    • Microbes

    Chemical Synthesis

    • Mineral products
    • Synthetic drugs: metformin, ibuprofen, paracetamol/acetaminophen
    • Biotechnology: monoclonal antibodies, regulator peptides, erythropoietin, growth factors, vaccines

    Naming of Drugs

    • Not specified

    Routes of Administration

    • Enteral: oral (PO), rectal (PR)
    • Parenteral: intravenously (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous injection (SC)
    • Topical: sublingual, buccal, transdermal

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    Description

    Learn about the definition and major areas of pharmacology, including the scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms.

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