6 Questions
What is the main focus of Pharmacokinetics?
The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
Which type of drug classification is based on the chemical structure of the drug?
Chemical classification
What is the term for the study of how genes affect an individual's response to drugs?
Pharmacogenetics
What is the term for the unwanted effects of a drug?
Adverse effects
What is the term for a drug that blocks the action of a receptor?
Antagonist
What is the stage of drug development where the drug is tested in human clinical trials?
Clinical development
Study Notes
Definition and Scope
- Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- It involves the discovery, development, and testing of new medications
- Pharmacology is an interdisciplinary field that combines chemistry, biology, and medicine
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics: the study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Pharmacogenetics: the study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs
- Pharmacogenomics: the study of how genes affect an individual's response to drugs
- Toxicology: the study of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances
Drug Classification
- Chemical classification: based on the chemical structure of the drug
- Therapeutic classification: based on the therapeutic use of the drug
- Pharmacological classification: based on the mechanism of action of the drug
Drug Development
- Discovery: identification of a new drug target or molecule
- Preclinical development: testing of the drug in laboratory and animal studies
- Clinical development: testing of the drug in human clinical trials
- Post-marketing surveillance: monitoring of the drug's safety and efficacy after it is approved for use
Drug Interactions
- Pharmacokinetic interactions: interactions that affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug
- Pharmacodynamic interactions: interactions that affect the response to a drug
- Synergistic interactions: interactions that increase the effect of a drug
- Antagonistic interactions: interactions that decrease the effect of a drug
Pharmacological Effects
- Desired effects: the intended therapeutic effect of a drug
- Adverse effects: unwanted effects of a drug, also known as side effects
- Idiosyncratic effects: unpredictable and rare effects of a drug
Drug Receptors
- Receptors: proteins on the surface of cells that bind to drugs
- Agonists: drugs that activate a receptor
- Antagonists: drugs that block the action of a receptor
- Partial agonists: drugs that activate a receptor but not to the same extent as a full agonist
Definition and Scope of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- It involves the discovery, development, and testing of new medications
- Pharmacology combines chemistry, biology, and medicine
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics: study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Pharmacogenetics: study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs
- Pharmacogenomics: study of how genes affect an individual's response to drugs
- Toxicology: study of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances
Drug Classification
- Chemical classification: based on the chemical structure of the drug
- Therapeutic classification: based on the therapeutic use of the drug
- Pharmacological classification: based on the mechanism of action of the drug
Drug Development Process
- Discovery: identification of a new drug target or molecule
- Preclinical development: testing of the drug in laboratory and animal studies
- Clinical development: testing of the drug in human clinical trials
- Post-marketing surveillance: monitoring of the drug's safety and efficacy after it is approved for use
Drug Interactions
- Pharmacokinetic interactions: interactions that affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug
- Pharmacodynamic interactions: interactions that affect the response to a drug
- Synergistic interactions: interactions that increase the effect of a drug
- Antagonistic interactions: interactions that decrease the effect of a drug
Pharmacological Effects
- Desired effects: intended therapeutic effect of a drug
- Adverse effects: unwanted effects of a drug, also known as side effects
- Idiosyncratic effects: unpredictable and rare effects of a drug
Drug Receptors
- Receptors: proteins on the surface of cells that bind to drugs
- Agonists: drugs that activate a receptor
- Antagonists: drugs that block the action of a receptor
- Partial agonists: drugs that activate a receptor but not to the same extent as a full agonist
Learn about the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics.
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