Pharmacology Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of pulmonary hypertensive drugs?

Vasodilation via prostacyclins (correct)

Stimulation of platelets

Inhibition of nitric oxide

Increased vascular resistance

What is a common use for pulmonary hypertensive drugs?

To treat hypertension in general

To alleviate pulmonary hypertension (correct)

To manage erectile dysfunction

To reduce symptoms of indigestion

Which of the following is a documented side effect of pulmonary hypertensive drugs?

Dizziness

Dry mouth

Jaw pain (correct)

Headaches

What condition do pulmonary hypertensive drugs mainly prolong the effects of?

Nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is most likely associated with the vasodilating effect of pulmonary hypertensive drugs?

Stuffy nose Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor does Methacholine primarily act upon?

Muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a known side effect of Methacholine?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary uses of Methacholine?

Bronchial challenge testing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with Methacholine?

Skin rash Signup and view all the answers

Methacholine is contraindicated in patients with which type of condition?

Certain GI diseases Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect may occur due to Methacholine's action as a muscarinic agonist?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

In which patient scenario is Methacholine most likely to be indicated?

Assessment of asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of α1-adrenergic agonists?

Stimulates alpha 1 adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of pulmonary hypertensive drugs that inhibit endothelin-1 receptors?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following outcomes reflects a potential reaction to Methacholine?

Bronchoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Confusion and sedation are side effects linked to which type of drug category?

Muscarinic agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of medications that act on NMDA receptors?

Suppression of cough Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with the use of sildenafil?

Flushing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of mucolytics?

Increases wateriness of airway secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which Methacholine exerts its action?

Agonism of muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common use of mucolytics?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is increased with the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Serotonin syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with mucolytics?

Gastrointestinal disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an example of a pulmonary hypertensive drug that inhibits endothelin-1 receptors?

Bosentan Signup and view all the answers

Which mucolytic is known for its DNAse activity, specifically aiding patients with cystic fibrosis?

Dornase alfa Signup and view all the answers

What is one common use of α1-adrenergic agonists?

Nasal congestion relief Signup and view all the answers

Which mucolytic is commonly found in over-the-counter cough medications?

Guaifenesin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with pulmonary hypertensive drugs that inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5)?

Feeling sick (nausea) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is NOT typically treated with mucolytics?

Liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

How do mucolytics improve cough effectiveness?

By making secretions less viscous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mucolytics is true?

They are generally well tolerated. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of mucolytic is classified as an expectorant?

Guaifenesin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenergic β2 receptor agonists?

Facilitates conversion of adenylate cyclase to cAMP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with long-acting beta 2 agonists (LABAs)?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic uses of beta 2 agonists?

Asthma relief Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with the use of adrenergic β2 receptor agonists?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

How do beta 2 agonists achieve relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle?

By preventing myosin phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What side effect might a patient experience as a result of using a beta 2 agonist?

Rash Signup and view all the answers

Which example is classified as a long-acting beta 2 agonist?

Formoterol Signup and view all the answers

What physiological effect do beta 2 agonists have on the pulmonary vasculature?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major effect of cAMP increase due to beta 2 agonist action?

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly reported when using epoprostenol and iloprost?

Cough Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antagonists and Their Effects

NMDA receptors modulate glutamate activity and play a role in suppressing cough.
Potential effects of overdose include respiratory depression, constipation, euphoria, and miosis.
Contraindications include use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome.

α1-Adrenergic Agonists

Mechanism involves stimulation of smooth muscle receptors causing vasoconstriction and mydriasis.
Uses include treating hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion.
Side effects may include hypertension, CNS stimulation or anxiety, and tachyphylaxis.
Examples include pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and oxymetazoline.

Pulmonary Hypertensive Drugs

These drugs competitively inhibit endothelin-1 receptors, lessening pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Indications comprise treatment for pulmonary hypertension.
Side effects can include hepatotoxicity, anemia, diarrhea, flushing, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and headaches.
Example drug is Bosentan.

Sildenafil

Functions by inhibiting cGMP phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), increasing nitric oxide effects.
Commonly used for pulmonary hypertension treatment.
Potential side effects include headaches, nausea, flushing, and general feeling of being unwell.

Mucolytics

Expectorants enhance the viscosity of airway secretions, facilitating cough and clearance.
Indications include respiratory infections like pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Generally well tolerated but some side effects could include headaches, cough, and myalgia.
Notable examples are guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine, and Dornase alfa.

Adrenergic β2 Receptor Agonists

Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists (LABAs) relax bronchial smooth muscle via β2 receptor activation.
Common uses target asthma management.
Side effects may involve increased heart rate, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, and tremors.
Examples include albuterol, salmeterol, and formoterol.

Methacholine

Acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist, facilitating vasodilation by prolonging nitric oxide’s effects.
Primarily used in bronchodilator assessment for diagnosing asthma.
Possible side effects include shortness of breath, flushes, indigestion, nasal congestion, and dizziness.

Prostacyclins (PGI2)

Analogues are used to treat pulmonary hypertension by enhancing vasodilation.
Side effects can include flushing and jaw pain.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the pharmacological effects of NMDA and its role in respiratory depression and cough suppression. This quiz explores various terms and their implications in pharmacology. Perfect for students and professionals alike!