NMDA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity Quiz

Which receptor is specifically needed for the functioning of NMDA and glycine?

Which drug is used to reduce muscle spasms?

Which gas is commonly used as a general anesthetic for conscious sedation?

Which toxin prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Which ion(s) can pass through the NMDA receptor ion channel when it is activated?

What is the role of Mg2+ in the NMDA receptor ion channel?

Which receptors are responsible for the major excitatory action of glutamate on motor neurons?

What is the function of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and memory?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 5HT_3 receptor?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the VMAT2 transporter?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which MDMA (Ecstasy) raises serotonin levels?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Which type of receptor is GABAB?

Which receptor site do benzodiazepines bind to?

What is the greatest danger of long-term benzodiazepine use?

Which receptor do atypical antipsychotics primarily target?

Which drug inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine?

What is the main opioid receptor involved in pain modulation and pleasure/euphoria?

What is the primary effect of Naltrexone?

Which receptor site do benzodiazepines bind to?

What is the greatest danger of long-term benzodiazepine use?

Which ion(s) can pass through the NMDA receptor ion channel when it is activated?

Which drug is used to prevent L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery?

Which receptors do antipsychotics (neuroleptics) primarily block?

Which drugs are considered atypical antipsychotics?

Which drug prevents dopamine from being taken up into vesicles?

Which receptor is responsible for the depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane when serotonin binds to it?

Which transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin into vesicles?

Which class of antidepressants inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of norepinephrine in the postsynaptic cell?

Which drug potentiates the effect of GABA on the GABAA receptor at low doses, but can open the GABAA receptor on its own at high doses?

Which receptor is primarily responsible for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and found on cardiac and smooth muscle?

Which toxin prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction by interfering with vesicle and target SNAREs?

Which receptor is needed for the functioning of NMDA and glycine, and has specific binding sites for Mg2+, PLP, and Zn?

Which ion(s) can pass through the NMDA receptor ion channel when it is activated?

What is the primary effect of Naltrexone?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

What is the role of Mg2+ in the NMDA receptor ion channel?

Which receptor is responsible for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and is found on cardiac and smooth muscle?

Which drug is commonly used as a general anesthetic for conscious sedation IV?

Which receptor site do benzodiazepines bind to?

Which receptor is primarily responsible for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and found on cardiac and smooth muscle?

Which drug inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine?

Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of norepinephrine in the postsynaptic cell?

Which class of antidepressants inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

Which receptor is responsible for the depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane when serotonin binds to it?

Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of norepinephrine in the postsynaptic cell?

Which class of antidepressants inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

Which receptor site do benzodiazepines bind to?

Which receptor is specifically needed for the functioning of NMDA and glycine, and has specific binding sites for Mg2+, PLP, and Zn?

What is the primary effect of Naltrexone?

Which drug is used to prevent L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery?

Which ion(s) can pass through the NMDA receptor ion channel when it is activated?

Which drug is used to prevent L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery?

Which receptors do antipsychotics primarily block?

Which drug is an agonist for D2-Like receptors and many 5HTR agonist?

Which drug is a VMAT2 inhibitor that prevents dopamine from being taken up into vesicles?

True or false: GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

True or false: GABAA receptors are ionotropic chloride channels?

True or false: Benzodiazepines cause GABAA receptors to open by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening when bound to GABA?

Nonbenzo have a different structure than benzos but interact with the same GABAA binding site.

Barbiturates potentiate GABA action by increasing the length of time GABAA R is open.

Barbiturates interact with GABAA receptors, glutamate receptors, and some voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels.

Acetylcholine acts on both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.

True or false: NMDA receptors are selective agonists that bind to NMDA receptors but not other glutamate receptors.

True or false: NMDA receptors control synaptic plasticity and memory.

True or false: Glutamate opens the NMDA receptor channel when the membrane is depolarized by other ionotropic receptors.

True or false: NMDA receptors are primarily found in the presynaptic membrane and function as autoreceptors.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) selectively inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A).

Dopamine loss is associated with Parkinson's disease.

Naltrexone is used to prevent L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery.

True or false: Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery?

True or false: Antipsychotics block D2-Like receptors?

True or false: Atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk for Tardive Dyskinesia?

True or false: Amphetamines raise monoamine levels by competing with dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine?

True or false: GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

True or false: Benzodiazepines cause GABAA receptors to open by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening when bound to GABA?

True or false: Long-term use of benzodiazepines can lead to downregulation of GABAA receptors?

True or false: Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery?

True or false: Atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk for Tardive Dyskinesia?

True or false: Glutamate opens the NMDA receptor channel when the membrane is depolarized by other ionotropic receptors.

True or false: Opiates and opioids interact with mu receptors in the CNS.

True or false: The 5HT_3 receptor is a metabotropic receptor.

True or false: Serotonin autoreceptors inhibit the release of serotonin when the concentration in the synaptic cleft is too high.

True or false: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) elevate both serotonin and norepinephrine levels.

True or false: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) selectively block MAO-B, which leads to an increase in dopamine levels.

True or false: Nonbenzo drugs have a different structure than benzodiazepines but interact with the same GABAA binding site?

True or false: Barbiturates potentiate GABA action by increasing the length of time the GABAA receptor is open?

True or false: General anesthetics such as Sevoflurane and Desflurane are used for conscious sedation?

True or false: Baclofen is a drug used to reduce muscle spasms and acts on GABAB receptors?

True or false: NMDA receptors are selective agonists that bind to NMDA receptors but not other glutamate receptors.

True or false: NMDA receptors control synaptic plasticity and memory.

True or false: NMDA receptors are blocked by Mg2+ ions and can only open when the membrane is depolarized by other ionotropic receptors.

True or false: Excess activation of NMDA receptors can result in an influx of Ca2+ ions into neurons, leading to cell death.

True or false: GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

True or false: Benzos cause GABAA to open and increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening when bound to GABA?

True or false: NMDA receptors control synaptic plasticity and memory?

True or false: Nonbenzo drugs have a different structure than benzodiazepines but still interact with the same GABAA binding site.

True or false: Barbiturates bind to GABAA receptors, glutamate receptors, and some voltage-sensitive calcium channels.

True or false: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies that attack nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

True or false: Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

True or false: NMDA receptors are voltage-dependent ion channels that are blocked by Mg2+ at normal membrane potential?

True or false: Glutamate and glycine must both be present for NMDA receptors to open?

True or false: Activation of non-NMDA receptors can lead to increased current flow through NMDA receptors?

True or false: Phencyclidine (PCP) is an NMDA receptor agonist?

True or false: The 5HT_3 receptor is a metabotropic receptor.

True or false: Serotonin autoreceptors inhibit serotonin release if the concentration in the synaptic cleft gets too high.

True or false: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.

True or false: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) selectively block MAO-A, which leads to an increase in serotonin and norepinephrine levels.

True or false: Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor used to prevent the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine in the periphery?

True or false: Atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk for Tardive Dyskinesia compared to typical antipsychotics?

True or false: Oxytocin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects?

True or false: Opioids inhibit GABA release on dopaminergic neurons, resulting in increased dopamine release?

______ is the process of creating a neurotransmitter from its precursors.

______ is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

______ receptors are ionotropic Cl- channels that are depolarized by GABA.

______ receptors control synaptic plasticity and memory

NMDA receptors are blocked by ________

Excess _________ receptors may play a role in Alzheimer's

Ketamine is an antagonist of _________ receptors

Nonbenzo have ______ structure than benzos but interact w/ same GABAA binding site

Barbiturates potentiate GABA action by inc length of time GABAA R is ______

Barbiturates interact w/ = GABAA + Glutamate Receptors + Some volt sens ______ Channels

Acetylcholine binds to ______ receptors on skeletal muscle

5HT autoreceptors play a role in 5HT release and may push against the effect of any drug that inhibits reuptake of 5HT.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) inhibit the reuptake of both 5HT and ____.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) selectively inhibit MAO-___, which has a higher affinity for dopamine.

Atypical antidepressants like Bupropion block reuptake of 5HT, norepinephrine, and _____.

Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor used to prevent the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine in the periphery to keep plasma L-dopa [ ] high.

Atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk for Tardive Dyskinesia because they have some D2-like antagonistic activity, but are more active on 5HT_2 receptor and thus have fewer side effects.

Opioids like morphine, heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, interact with the ______ receptor, which is the major opioid receptor in the CNS.

Naloxone is a short-acting ______ receptor antagonist used to treat heroin and other opioid overdose.

Synthesis is the process of producing a specific molecule from simpler or more readily available precursors

GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

GABA binds to GABAA receptors, which are ionotropic Cl- channels

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) selectively inhibit MAO-___, which has a higher affinity for dopamine.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) selectively inhibit MAO-___, which has a higher affinity for dopamine.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) selectively inhibit MAO-___, which has a higher affinity for dopamine.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) selectively inhibit MAO-___, which has a higher affinity for dopamine.

Activation of NMDA receptors can result in an influx of ______ ions into neurons, leading to cell death.

Benzodiazepines cause GABAA receptors to open by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening when bound to ______?

NMDA receptors are blocked by ______ ions and can only open when the membrane is depolarized by other ionotropic receptors.

Nonbenzo have ______ structure than benzos but interact w/ same GABAA binding site.

Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor used to prevent the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine in the ______?

Atypical antipsychotics have some D2-like antagonistic activity, but are more active on the ______ receptor.

Amphetamines raise monoamine levels by several mechanisms of action, including competing with dopamine, 5HT, and norepinephrine for transport into the ______ terminal.

Opiate is defined as any drug derived from the ______ poppy.

Barbiturates potentiate GABA action by increasing the length of time GABAA receptors are ______

Baclofen is used to reduce muscle ______

The primary effect of Naltrexone is to ______

The neurotransmitter __________ is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

______ receptors play a role in serotonin release and may push against the effect of any drug that inhibits reuptake of serotonin

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) inhibit both serotonin and ______ reuptake

______ inhibitors are selective for MAO-B and increase dopamine levels

Atypical antidepressants like bupropion block the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and ______

Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery, keeping plasma L-dopa ______ high

Atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk for Tardive Dyskinesia compared to typical antipsychotics.

Amphetamines raise monoamine levels by several mechanisms of action, including competing with dopamine, 5HT, and norepinephrine for transport into the ______ terminal.

Opiates like morphine, heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, and opioids like fentanyl all interact with ______ receptors.

High Glu when binding Kainate = Inhibit Glu release. MOA = Unknown, maybe involve ______ that lower Ca2+ current into presyn membrane

NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) = selective AGONIST binds NMDA receptors but not other glutamate ______

NMDA over-activation may play role in ______. Beta-Amyloid & NMDA receptors interact = Lead to deleterious effects

Phencyclidine (PCP) aka angel dust Inhibits NMDA R Ketamine 1st used as anesthetic during surgery NMDA R ANTAGONIST by ______ PCP sites

Nonbenzo have a different structure than benzos but interact with the same GABAA binding site. Advantage = shorter ½ life than benzos (less dependence)

Barbiturates Phenobarbital, Sodium thiopental bind GABAA R. Potentiate GABA action by increasing length of time GABAA R is open. Depress some glutamate receptors. Lower glutamate release & inhibit some voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Barbiturates interact with = GABAA + Glutamate Receptors + Some voltage-sensitive Ca2+ Channels

General Anesthetics (Gas) Sevoflurane, Desflurane, Isoflurane. Anesthetics for conscious sedation (IV) Etomidate & Propofol. Given with ______ (benzo) to relax patient & potentiate amnestic effect of sedation.

Glycine Presyn Serine Glycine GlyR Ionotropic Cl- Channel VGAT (Same as GABA) Gly-T Presyn ENHANCE Gly release Tetanus ______ V Clostridium tetani Take up by motor presyn terminal at NMJ Retrograde to SC or BS Taken up by INTERNEURONS (RENSHAW) that use Glycine*/GABA & blocks Gly & GABA release by interfering w/ v & t-SNARES

The neurotransmitter most common (-) nt in CNS is ______.

GABAA Receptor Binding Sites include Benzodiazepine site (agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist) and ______ site (agonists).

GABA broken down to Glutamine (GABA Glutamate Glutamine) & txp back to neuron in ______.

Match the following integrals with their solutions:

Match the following GABA receptors with their types:

Match the following drug types to their related GABAA Receptor Binding Sites:

Match the following drugs with their effect on GABAA receptors:

Match the following neurotransmitters to their corresponding receptors:

Match the following substances to their effects on NMDA receptors:

Match the following ions to their permeability through different receptors:

Match the following diseases to their potential relation with NMDA receptors:

Match the following drugs with their primary usage:

Match the following neurotransmitters and receptors with their descriptions:

Match the following toxins with their effects:

Match the following MACHR subtypes with their functions:

Match the following drugs with their primary effects:

Match the following neurotransmitters with their primary functions:

Match the following drugs with their receptor interactions:

Match the following drugs with their effects on monoamines:

Match the following equations with their solutions:

Match the following GABA receptors with their descriptions:

Match the following drugs with their effects on GABA receptors:

Match the following substances with their role in GABA neurotransmission:

Match the following receptors with their primary functions:

Match the following drugs with their primary effects:

Match the following functions with their corresponding neurotransmitter or receptor:

Match the following diseases with their possible cause:

Match the following drugs with their primary usage:

Match the following neuropeptides with their effects:

Match the following substances with their effects on dopamine:

Match the following substances with their receptor type:

Match the following drugs with their primary effects:

Match the following drugs with their receptor interactions:

Match the following diseases with their causes or treatments:

Match the following receptors with their functions:

Match the following equations with their graph types:

Match the following GABA receptors with their main characteristics:

Match the following drugs with their primary effects on GABAA receptors:

Match the following processes involving GABA with their descriptions:

Match the following drugs with their effects on monoamines:

Match the neuropeptides with their effects:

Match the following drugs with their interactions with opioid receptors:

Match the following drugs with their effects on D2-like receptors:

Match the following drugs with their primary effects:

Match the following receptors with their functions:

Match the drug or toxin with its effect on the synaptic cleft:

Match the following neurotransmitters and drugs with their corresponding receptors:

Match the following neurotransmitters and receptors with their specific characteristics:

Match the following drugs with their effect on NMDA receptors:

Match the following diseases with their potential cause related to NMDA receptors:

Match the following substances with their roles in Glutamate neurotransmission: