Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the PRIMARY purpose of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
What is the PRIMARY purpose of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
- To ensure that drugs are safe and effective. (correct)
- To enforce drug laws in regard to controlled substances and illegal drugs.
- To develop manufacturing standards for drugs.
- To register all prescribers of controlled substances.
Which of the following is NOT a HIGH ALERT drug?
Which of the following is NOT a HIGH ALERT drug?
- Insulin
- Antibiotics (correct)
- Heparin
- Potassium
A drug that is administered sublingually enters the bloodstream through which route?
A drug that is administered sublingually enters the bloodstream through which route?
- The muscles
- The mucous membranes of the mouth (correct)
- The tissues under the skin.
- The gastrointestinal tract
A medication administered to induce the same response as an intrinsic drug would be considered a(n):
A medication administered to induce the same response as an intrinsic drug would be considered a(n):
Which of the following terms describes a drug effect that is the opposite of what is expected?
Which of the following terms describes a drug effect that is the opposite of what is expected?
What is the primary function of the liver in relation to medications?
What is the primary function of the liver in relation to medications?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a receptor antagonist?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a receptor antagonist?
Which medication route is described as "The medication moves through oral membranes into the bloodstream?"
Which medication route is described as "The medication moves through oral membranes into the bloodstream?"
What is the term for a drug that can cause birth defects in a fetus?
What is the term for a drug that can cause birth defects in a fetus?
A patient experiences shortness of breath, hives, and swelling after receiving a medication. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A patient experiences shortness of breath, hives, and swelling after receiving a medication. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
What is the primary responsibility of a nurse when administering medications?
What is the primary responsibility of a nurse when administering medications?
Which of the following is NOT a right of medication administration?
Which of the following is NOT a right of medication administration?
Which of the following healthcare professionals CAN legally prescribe medications?
Which of the following healthcare professionals CAN legally prescribe medications?
What is the appropriate needle length for an intramuscular injection?
What is the appropriate needle length for an intramuscular injection?
Which of the following is NOT a type of parenteral drug administration?
Which of the following is NOT a type of parenteral drug administration?
How many milliliters are in one ounce?
How many milliliters are in one ounce?
When administering a subcutaneous injection, what is the recommended needle gauge?
When administering a subcutaneous injection, what is the recommended needle gauge?
What is the correct angle for administering an intradermal injection?
What is the correct angle for administering an intradermal injection?
What is the conversion formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?
What is the conversion formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?
What is the recommended maximum volume for an intramuscular injection in one site?
What is the recommended maximum volume for an intramuscular injection in one site?
Which type of intravenous drip is used for pediatric patients?
Which type of intravenous drip is used for pediatric patients?
When administering ear drops to a child younger than 3 years old, how should the ear be pulled?
When administering ear drops to a child younger than 3 years old, how should the ear be pulled?
What is the primary difference between a 'standing' order and a 'PRN' order?
What is the primary difference between a 'standing' order and a 'PRN' order?
Which of the following is a type of Enteral drug administration?
Which of the following is a type of Enteral drug administration?
What is the correct action to take when a drug error occurs?
What is the correct action to take when a drug error occurs?
Which of the following is an example of a 'STAT' order?
Which of the following is an example of a 'STAT' order?
What is the primary reason for flushing a nasogastric tube after administering medication?
What is the primary reason for flushing a nasogastric tube after administering medication?
Which of the following describes the 'Percutaneous' route of medication administration?
Which of the following describes the 'Percutaneous' route of medication administration?
What is the primary consideration when administering oral medications?
What is the primary consideration when administering oral medications?
What is the recommended drop rate for an IV infusion if it is greater than 60 gtts/min?
What is the recommended drop rate for an IV infusion if it is greater than 60 gtts/min?
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when administering IV fluids?
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when administering IV fluids?
What is the calculation for determining the drops per minute for an IV infusion?
What is the calculation for determining the drops per minute for an IV infusion?
What is the primary concern when administering an IV medication that is a vesicant?
What is the primary concern when administering an IV medication that is a vesicant?
What is the primary mechanism of action of opioid medications for pain control?
What is the primary mechanism of action of opioid medications for pain control?
What is the most important nursing intervention when administering opioid analgesics?
What is the most important nursing intervention when administering opioid analgesics?
Which of the following statements indicates that patient teaching about codeine was successful?
Which of the following statements indicates that patient teaching about codeine was successful?
What is a potential adverse effect of opioid medications that nurses should monitor for?
What is a potential adverse effect of opioid medications that nurses should monitor for?
Flashcards
Intrinsic drugs
Intrinsic drugs
Chemicals naturally produced by the body that affect function.
Extrinsic drugs
Extrinsic drugs
Substances that must be introduced to the body to alter function.
Generic name
Generic name
The standard name of a drug, always written in lowercase.
Trade name
Trade name
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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics
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Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics
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Receptor Agonists
Receptor Agonists
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Receptor Antagonists
Receptor Antagonists
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Black Box Warning
Black Box Warning
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Bioavailability
Bioavailability
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Teratogens
Teratogens
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Left-Sims’ position
Left-Sims’ position
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Intradermal injection
Intradermal injection
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Intramuscular injection
Intramuscular injection
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Subcutaneous injection
Subcutaneous injection
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Z-track method
Z-track method
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Infiltration
Infiltration
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Fahrenheit to Celsius formula
Fahrenheit to Celsius formula
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Microdrip
Microdrip
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Extravasation
Extravasation
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Drop Rate Formula
Drop Rate Formula
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Opioids
Opioids
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Codeine
Codeine
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Signs of Infiltration
Signs of Infiltration
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Opioid Side Effects
Opioid Side Effects
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Nursing Implications for Opioids
Nursing Implications for Opioids
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Right Route
Right Route
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Types of Orders
Types of Orders
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Right to Refuse
Right to Refuse
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PRN Order
PRN Order
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Enteral Route
Enteral Route
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Parenteral Route
Parenteral Route
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Patient Assessment After Error
Patient Assessment After Error
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Absorption Types
Absorption Types
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Study Notes
Drug Regulation, Actions, and Response
- Drugs are administered to cause the same response as intrinsic drugs by binding to cell receptors.
- Intrinsic drugs are naturally produced by the body.
- Extrinsic drugs must be taken into the body.
- Generic names are lowercase, and trade names are capitalized.
- High-alert drugs require double-checking dosages with other nurses.
- The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) establishes manufacturing standards.
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces USP standards.
- The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) enforces drug laws related to controlled substances.
- All prescribers must register with DEA.
- Sublingual administration of medication is to deliver it directly to the bloodstream via oral membranes.
High Alert Drugs
- High-alert drugs include potassium, insulin, narcotics, chemotherapy drugs, and heparin.
- Nurses must double-check dosages before administering high-alert drugs.
Controlled Substances
- Controlled substances are categorized into schedules based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical uses (Schedule I has the highest potential for abuse).
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics describes how a drug changes cell activity when the body exerts its effects on a drug.
- Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects the drug.
- Receptor agonists have the right key to "turn on" cells.
- Receptor antagonists block receptors so intrinsic drugs cannot bind to them.
- Black box warnings alert of significant health risks.
- Allergic reactions can be severe, as in anaphylaxis with vascular collapse and death.
- Bioavailability is the amount of drug reaching the bloodstream.
- The liver metabolizes and the kidney eliminates drugs.
- Some drugs cross the placenta and can affect the unborn baby.
Safe Drug Administration
- The eight rights of medication administration are essential to ensure accurate and appropriate drug delivery. These are: right dose, diagnosis, documentation, time/frequency, patient, drug, response, and route.
- The correct method (e.g., adult vs. child) should be used for ear drops (otic).
- Patient needs to be educated on the consequences of refusal to take prescribed medicine and the refusal should be documented promptly.
Drug Administration Routes
- Oral drugs have a slow onset of action.
- Drugs should be given with water.
- Nasal medications require dilution.
- Rectal (PR) medications can be suppositories or enemas administered under specified conditions.
- Parenteral routes include intradermal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections.
- Intravenous (IV) administration is directly into the vein.
- Percutaneous routes are skin applications, like patches or topical medications, nasal or inhalable medications.
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