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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of pharmacokinetics?
What is the term for the process of identifying and synthesizing new drugs?
What type of protein binds to drugs and triggers a response?
What is the term for the study of the genetic factors that influence drug response and toxicity?
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What is the term for the unwanted effects of drugs that can range from mild to severe?
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What is the primary focus of toxicology?
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What type of protein catalyzes chemical reactions and can be affected by drugs?
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What is the term for the study of the use of drugs in the treatment of cancer?
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What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system?
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What is the term for the use of genetic information to tailor drug therapy to individual patients?
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Study Notes
Definition and Scope
- Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- It involves the study of the interactions between drugs and biological systems
- Pharmacology is a multidisciplinary field that combines principles from biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics: the study of the effects of drugs on biological systems
- Pharmacotherapeutics: the study of the use of drugs in the treatment of diseases
- Toxicology: the study of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances on living organisms
Drug Development and Approval
- Drug discovery: the process of identifying and synthesizing new drugs
- Preclinical testing: testing of drugs in laboratory animals and in vitro systems
- Clinical trials: testing of drugs in human subjects
- FDA approval: the process of obtaining approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for the marketing and sale of a drug
Drug Action and Mechanisms
- Receptors: proteins that bind to drugs and trigger a response
- Enzymes: proteins that catalyze chemical reactions and can be affected by drugs
- Ion channels: proteins that regulate the flow of ions across cell membranes and can be affected by drugs
- Signal transduction pathways: complex systems of molecular interactions that can be affected by drugs
Drug Interactions and Side Effects
- Drug-drug interactions: interactions between two or more drugs that can affect their efficacy or safety
- Drug-food interactions: interactions between drugs and food that can affect their efficacy or safety
- Side effects: unwanted effects of drugs that can range from mild to severe
- Adverse drug reactions: serious and potentially life-threatening side effects of drugs
Special Topics in Pharmacology
- Personalized medicine: the use of genetic information to tailor drug therapy to individual patients
- Pharmacogenomics: the study of the genetic factors that influence drug response and toxicity
- Cancer pharmacology: the study of the use of drugs in the treatment of cancer
- Neuropharmacology: the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system
Definition and Scope of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- It involves the study of the interactions between drugs and biological systems
- Pharmacology combines principles from biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics: effects of drugs on biological systems
- Pharmacotherapeutics: use of drugs in disease treatment
- Toxicology: adverse effects of drugs and substances on living organisms
Drug Development and Approval
- Drug discovery: identifying and synthesizing new drugs
- Preclinical testing: testing drugs in laboratory animals and in vitro systems
- Clinical trials: testing drugs in human subjects
- FDA approval: obtaining approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for marketing and sale of a drug
Drug Action and Mechanisms
- Receptors: proteins that bind to drugs and trigger a response
- Enzymes: proteins that catalyze chemical reactions and can be affected by drugs
- Ion channels: proteins regulating ion flow across cell membranes and affected by drugs
- Signal transduction pathways: complex systems of molecular interactions affected by drugs
Drug Interactions and Side Effects
- Drug-drug interactions: interactions between two or more drugs affecting efficacy or safety
- Drug-food interactions: interactions between drugs and food affecting efficacy or safety
- Side effects: unwanted effects of drugs ranging from mild to severe
- Adverse drug reactions: serious and potentially life-threatening side effects of drugs
Special Topics in Pharmacology
- Personalized medicine: using genetic information to tailor drug therapy to individual patients
- Pharmacogenomics: studying genetic factors influencing drug response and toxicity
- Cancer pharmacology: studying use of drugs in cancer treatment
- Neuropharmacology: studying effects of drugs on the nervous system
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Description
Explore the basics of pharmacology, a multidisciplinary field that studies the effects of drugs on living organisms, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
