Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following antibiotics is known as E-mycin?
Which of the following antibiotics is known as E-mycin?
Which antibiotic is not a type of Quinolone?
Which antibiotic is not a type of Quinolone?
What is the brand name of the antibiotic Fidaxomicin?
What is the brand name of the antibiotic Fidaxomicin?
Which antibiotic is not a type of Macrolide?
Which antibiotic is not a type of Macrolide?
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Which of the following antibiotics is a type of Tetracycline?
Which of the following antibiotics is a type of Tetracycline?
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Which antibiotic is not a type of Aminoglycoside?
Which antibiotic is not a type of Aminoglycoside?
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What is the primary difference between community-associated infections and health care–associated infections?
What is the primary difference between community-associated infections and health care–associated infections?
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Which of the following beta-lactam antibiotics is a penicillinase-resistant drug?
Which of the following beta-lactam antibiotics is a penicillinase-resistant drug?
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What is the main indication for sulfonamides?
What is the main indication for sulfonamides?
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Which of the following cephalosporins is a third-generation antibiotic?
Which of the following cephalosporins is a third-generation antibiotic?
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What is the primary use of carbapenems?
What is the primary use of carbapenems?
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What is the name of the antibiotic combination that includes imipenem and cilastatin?
What is the name of the antibiotic combination that includes imipenem and cilastatin?
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Study Notes
Infections
- Community-associated infections vs Health care–associated infections: two types of infections that occur in different settings.
Antibiotic Therapy
- Can lead to Superinfection, Allergic reactions, and severe reactions.
Sulfonamides
- Indications: used to treat various infections.
- Adverse Effects: include allergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting.
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Natural Penicillins
- Penicillin G: used to treat streptococcal infections.
- Penicillin V: used to treat mild to moderate infections.
Penicillinase-resistant drugs
- Nafcillin: used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infections.
- Cloxacillin: used to treat skin and soft tissue infections.
- Oxacillin: used to treat staphylococcal infections.
- Dicloxacillin: used to treat skin and soft tissue infections.
Aminopenicillins
- Amoxicillin: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Ampicillin: used to treat bacterial infections such as meningitis and sepsis.
Extended-spectrum drugs
- Carbenicillin: used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
- Piperacillin: used to treat severe infections such as sepsis and pneumonia.
- Ticarcillin: used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
Penicillins
- Contraindications: allergic reactions, viral infections, and mild infections.
- Adverse Effects: allergic reactions, diarrhea, and nausea.
- Interactions: can interact with medications such as warfarin and probenecid.
- Patient education: inform patients about the importance of completing the full treatment course.
Cephalosporins
- Can be grouped into different generations, with each generation having a broader spectrum of activity.
- Patient education: inform patients about the importance of reporting any allergic reactions.
Carbapenems
- Imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin): used to treat severe infections such as sepsis and pneumonia.
- Meropenem (Merrem): used to treat severe infections such as meningitis and sepsis.
- Ertapenem (Invanz): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Doripenem (Doribax): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
Macrolides
- Erythromycin (E-mycin, E.E.S, others): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Azithromycin (Zithromax): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Clarithromycin (Biaxin): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Fidaxomicin (Dificid): used to treat Clostridioides difficile infections.
- Indications: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Interactions: can interact with medications such as warfarin and digoxin.
- Adverse Effects: include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Tetracyclines
- Demeclocycline (Declomycin): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Oxytetracycline (Terramycin): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Tetracycline: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Minocycline (Minocin): used to treat bacterial infections such as acne and rosacea.
- Tigecycline (Tygacil): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and skin infections.
- Patient education: inform patients about the importance of taking the medication with water and avoiding milk products.
- Interactions: can interact with medications such as warfarin and digoxin.
- Adverse Effects: include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis.
- Neomycin (Neo-Fradin): used to treat bacterial infections such as skin and soft tissue infections.
- Tobramycin (TOBI): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and cystic fibrosis.
- Amikacin: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis.
- Adverse Effects: include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Quinolones
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
- Norfloxacin (Noroxin): used to treat bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections.
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Moxifloxacin (Avelox): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Gemifloxacin (Factive): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Delafloxacin (Baxdela): used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and skin infections.
- Indications: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
- Interactions: can interact with medications such as warfarin and digoxin.
- Adverse Effects: include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- Metronidazole (Flagyl): used to treat parasitic infections such as giardiasis and amoebiasis.
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin): used to treat urinary tract infections.
- Vancomycin: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and skin infections.
- Indications: used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and skin infections.
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Description
Learn about different types of infections, antibiotic therapy, and various classes of antibiotics, including sulfonamides, beta-lactam antibiotics, and their indications and adverse effects.
