Pharmacology: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical suffix for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

  • Olol
  • Zil
  • Sartan (correct)
  • Pril

    • What are ARBs primarily used for?

    Controlling high blood pressure, treating heart failure, and preventing kidney failure.

    ARBs should be avoided in pregnancy.

    True (A)

    Which of the following is NOT a common drug for ARBs?

    <p>Atenolol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical suffix for ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Pril</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the contraindications for ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class should be avoided if a patient is on ACE inhibitors?

    <p>ARBs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for vasodilators?

    <p>Improving oxygenation of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasodilators can be used for hypertensive emergencies.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common drug for vasodilators?

    <p>Nitroprusside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical suffix for beta blockers?

    <p>Olol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of beta blockers?

    <p>To make the heart beat slower and less forcefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beta blockers are safe for patients with asthma.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

    A class of medications that block the angiotensin II receptor, leading to blood vessel dilation and reduced blood pressure.

    What are ARBs used for?

    ARBs are primarily used to control high blood pressure (hypertension), treat heart failure, and prevent kidney failure.

    Are ARBs safe during pregnancy?

    ARBs should be avoided during pregnancy because they can harm the developing fetus.

    ACE Inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors are a class of medications that block the enzyme ACE, which is responsible for the production of angiotensin II.

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    Common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

    A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is a dry, persistent cough.

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    Can ARBs and ACE inhibitors be used together?

    ARBs and ACE inhibitors work on the same pathway, so using both together can lead to unwanted side effects and complications.

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    What are vasodilators?

    Vasodilators are medications that widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

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    Can vasodilators be used for emergencies?

    Vasodilators are used to treat hypertensive emergencies, where dangerously high blood pressure needs to be lowered rapidly.

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    What is a common vasodilator drug?

    Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies and other conditions requiring rapid blood pressure reduction.

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    What are beta blockers?

    Beta blockers are a class of medications that block the effects of beta-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in controlling heart rate and force of contraction.

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    Are beta blockers safe for asthma patients?

    Beta blockers are a class of medications that are used to treat a variety of conditions, including high blood pressure, heart failure, and abnormal heart rhythms. However, they can worsen asthma symptoms due to their effects on the airways.

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    What is the main function of beta blockers?

    Beta blockers are a class of medications that block the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the body. They work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which are found in the heart, lungs, and other organs.

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    What is the typical, common suffix for beta blockers?

    A common suffix for beta blockers is 'olol'. For example, metoprolol, atenolol, and propranolol.

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    Study Notes

    Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

    • Common suffix: sartan
    • Primarily used for hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic kidney protection
    • Commonly prescribed when ACE inhibitors cause intolerable side effects like cough
    • Major drugs include Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan, and Olmesartan
    • Contraindicated in pregnancy, especially during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters; can cause fetal injury
    • Side effects may include hyperkalemia, low blood pressure, dizziness, fatigue, and angioedema
    • Reports indicate potential for rhabdomyolysis; avoid in patients with renal artery stenosis
    • Drug interactions may lead to increased potassium levels and lithium toxicity; caution with aliskiren and ACE inhibitors due to heightened risk of adverse effects

    ACE Inhibitors

    • Common suffix: pril
    • Used for heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and kidney issues
    • Important drugs include Enalapril, Lisinopril, Quinapril, Benazepril, and Captopril
    • Captopril should be taken at least 1 hour before meals; other ACE inhibitors are not food-sensitive
    • Monitor for cough, rash, taste alteration, and signs of infection; discontinue if these occur
    • Risk of hyperkalemia when combined with potassium supplements or diuretics
    • For patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors, ARBs are a suitable alternative

    Vasodilators

    • Function to improve tissue oxygenation through vascular dilation
    • Primarily used in hypertensive emergencies
    • Common medications include Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin, and Hydralazine
    • Care should be taken when using with other antihypertensives to avoid severe hypotension

    Beta Blockers

    • Common suffix: olol
    • Lower blood pressure by slowing heart rate and reducing force of contraction
    • Block the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) and facilitate improved blood flow
    • Major drugs include Metoprolol, Propranolol, and Bisoprolol
    • Contraindicated in patients with COPD or asthma due to potential respiratory complications

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs), a crucial class of antihypertensive drugs. It covers their uses, typical suffix, and important precautions like avoiding them during pregnancy. Expand your pharmacological knowledge about ARBs and their effects.

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