Questions and Answers
What therapeutic use does Losartan (Cozaar) have?
What is the pharmacologic classification of Losartan?
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
List the conditions that Losartan treats.
HTN, stroke prophylaxis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, prevention of type 2 diabetic nephropathy
What is the mechanism of action of Losartan?
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What is the route of administration for Losartan?
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How is Losartan metabolized?
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What percentage of Losartan is excreted renally?
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Which of the following are common adverse effects of Losartan? (Select all that apply)
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Losartan has a black box warning for fetal injury and death.
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List some contraindications for using Losartan.
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Which drug interactions should be noted with Losartan? (Select all that apply)
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What is the recommended treatment for overdose of Losartan?
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What nursing responsibilities should be taken when administering Losartan?
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Study Notes
Losartan (Cozaar) Overview
- Therapeutic category: Antihypertensive.
- Pharmacologic class: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).
Indications
- Treats hypertension (HTN) and provides stroke prophylaxis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
- Prevents type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
- Mechanism involves decreasing blood volume and promoting vasodilation through the blockade of aldosterone release by angiotensin II.
Mechanism of Action
- Selectively blocks angiotensin AT1 receptors, leading to reduced blood pressure (BP).
- Prevents cardiac remodeling and protects renal function in diabetic patients.
Administration
- Route of administration is oral (PO).
Metabolism and Excretion
- Metabolized hepatically with significant first-pass effect.
- Excretion: Approximately 35% through renal pathways, 60% via feces.
Adverse Effects
- Common effects: Cough, headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and insomnia.
- Serious risks include acute renal failure and angioedema.
Black Box Warning
- Potential for fetal injury and death when administered during pregnancy, due to its direct effects on the renin-angiotensin system.
Contraindications and Precautions
- Contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity to ACE inhibitors and during pregnancy.
- Not advisable for patients with a history of angioedema or serious renal/hepatic impairment, or those who are hypovolemic.
Drug Interactions
- NSAIDs may diminish the effectiveness of antihypertensive properties.
- Use of potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements may lead to hyperkalemia.
- Lithium levels may increase, posing a risk of toxicity.
- Alcohol can enhance hypotensive effects.
- Concurrent use with diuretics and other antihypertensive agents can cause additive hypotensive effects.
Overdose Treatment
- Manage hypotension with vasopressors.
- Treatment may include normal saline infusion or hemodialysis.
Nursing Responsibilities and Patient Teaching
- Monitor elderly patients for fall risks and safety.
- Pay special attention to elderly, African American patients, and those with a prior history of ACE inhibitors for signs of angioedema.
- Instruct to report facial, lip, throat, or intestinal swelling.
- Advise avoidance of sodium substitutes containing potassium chloride.
- Teach patients to recognize signs of hypotension or persistent cough.
- Regular monitoring of blood pressure, renal function, and electrolyte levels is essential.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Losartan (Cozaar) with these flashcards covering its therapeutic uses, pharmacologic classification, and mechanism of action. This quiz is essential for pharmacy students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their understanding of antihypertensive medications.
