Pharmacology and Antibiotics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following drug administration routes with their primary advantages:

Enteral = Convenience and low cost Parenteral = Rapid effect and avoidance of gastric irritation Topical = High local concentration and minimal systemic effect Depot Injection = Sustained drug release and reduced frequency of administration

Match the following drug naming terms with their definitions:

Trade Name = The name given to a drug by the company that manufactures it, and it is often a brand name. Generic Name = The official, non-proprietary name for a drug, assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council (USAN). Chemical Name = The name that describes the drug's molecular structure.

Match the following terms related to drug administration with their descriptions:

Pharmacology = The study of drugs and their effects on the body. Pharmacotherapy = The use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease. Prototype = A drug that is the standard against which all other drugs in the same class are compared. Placebo = An inactive substance that is used as a control in clinical trials.

Match each characteristic of an ideal drug with its relevant description:

Effectively treats, prevents, or cures client's condition = The primary objective of an ideal drug is to achieve its intended therapeutic effect. Produces a rapid and predictable response at low doses = An ideal drug should be potent and have a predictable response with minimal dosage. Quickly eliminated by the body after therapeutic effect produced = The drug should be cleared from the body efficiently once it has achieved its therapeutic goal. Can be taken infrequently or for a short length of time = An ideal drug should require minimal administration frequency for convenience and patient compliance. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to a drug's ideal properties with their descriptions:

Cheap and easily accessible = An ideal drug should be affordable and readily available to ensure patient access. Administered conveniently = The drug should be easy to administer through various routes, maximizing convenience for the patient. Produces no adverse effects = An ideal drug would have no negative side effects or toxic reactions. Does not interact with other medications or food = The drug should not interact negatively with other medications or food items to avoid unpredictable reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms and definitions related to pharmacology:

Drug = Any chemical substance that affects the body's structure or function. Ideal Drug = A hypothetical drug that possesses all desirable characteristics and no undesirable ones. Generic Name = The official, non-proprietary name for a drug, assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council (USAN). Trade Name = The name given to a drug by the company that manufactures it, and it is often a brand name. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to bacterial identification and treatment with their definitions:

Culture = A patient sample grown in a laboratory setting to identify bacteria Sensitivity = Testing bacterial culture with various antibiotics to determine effectiveness Broad Spectrum = Antibiotics targeting a wide range of bacteria, often used before culture and sensitivity Narrow Spectrum = Antibiotics targeting specific bacteria groups, used after culture and sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding type of antibiotic:

Bactericidal = Antibiotics that kill bacteria, irreversible, independent of host immunity Bacteriostatic = Antibiotics that prevent bacterial growth, reversible, co-dependent on host immunity Broad Spectrum = Targets a wide range of bacteria, may have more adverse effects Narrow Spectrum = Targets specific groups of bacteria, lower risk of adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotic categories with their primary uses:

Prophylaxis = Antibiotics administered to prevent infection Culture = Growing a sample of bacteria in the laboratory to identify it Sensitivity = Testing antibiotics against bacteria to determine effectiveness Antibiotic Resistance = Bacteria developing resistance to available antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their role in the development of antibiotic resistance:

Overuse of antibiotics = Leads to increased selection pressure for resistant bacteria Inappropriate use of antibiotics = Treating non-bacterial infections or using incorrect dosage Lack of access to clean water and sanitation = Increases exposure to pathogens and potential for resistance development Genetic mutations in bacteria = Can confer resistance to antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Match the following strategies with their role in reducing antibiotic resistance:

Prescribe antibiotics only when necessary = Reduces unnecessary exposure and selection pressure Complete the full course of antibiotics = Ensures elimination of bacteria and reduces resistance development Promote antibiotic stewardship programs = Improve prescribing practices and reduce inappropriate use Develop new antibiotics = Provides alternative treatment options for resistant infections Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to antibiotic action with their definitions:

Bactericidal = Kills bacteria by disrupting essential cellular processes Bacteriostatic = Inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with vital functions Broad Spectrum = Effective against a wide range of bacteria Narrow Spectrum = Effective against a limited range of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their corresponding antibiotic category:

Penicillin = Bactericidal antibiotic Tetracycline = Bacteriostatic antibiotic Amoxicillin = Broad-spectrum antibiotic Vancomycin = Narrow-spectrum antibiotic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adverse effects with their common cause:

Nausea and vomiting = Common side effects associated with many antibiotics Diarrhea = Often caused by antibiotic-induced disruption of gut flora Allergic reactions = Can occur in individuals with sensitivity to certain antibiotics Organ toxicity = May occur with prolonged use of certain antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their corresponding antibiotic usage:

Prophylactic antibiotic given before surgery = Used to prevent infection Antibiotic prescribed for a urinary tract infection = Treatment for a specific bacterial infection Antibiotic administered to a patient with suspected pneumonia = Empirical treatment based on clinical suspicion Antibiotic given after culture and sensitivity results = Targeted treatment based on identified pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mechanisms with their primary mode of action in antibiotics:

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis = Preventing bacteria from forming a protective outer layer Disruption of protein synthesis = Interfering with bacterial protein production Inhibition of DNA replication = Blocking bacterial DNA copying and multiplication Interference with folic acid metabolism = Disrupting bacterial folate production, essential for growth Signup and view all the answers

Match the herbal remedy with its primary use:

St. John's Wort = Mild depression Valerian = Insomnia Ginger = Nausea relief Garlic = Heart health Signup and view all the answers

Match the side effect with the corresponding herbal remedy:

St. John's Wort = Photosensitivity Valerian = Drowsiness Ginger = Heartburn Garlic = Bleeding risks Signup and view all the answers

Match the compound with its associated neurotransmitter:

GABA = Valerian Serotonin = St. John's Wort Dopamine = Amphetamines Norepinephrine = Cocaine Signup and view all the answers

Match the contraindication with the corresponding herbal remedy:

St. John's Wort = Antidepressants Valerian = CNS depressants Ginger = Blood thinners Garlic = Pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Match the therapeutic effect with the herbal remedy:

St. John's Wort = Increases serotonin Valerian = Increases GABA effects Ginger = Anti-inflammatory Garlic = Reduces cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition treated with its corresponding herbal remedy:

Insomnia = Valerian Mild depression = St. John's Wort Nausea = Ginger High cholesterol = Garlic Signup and view all the answers

Match the adverse effect with the herbal remedy:

St. John's Wort = Constipation Valerian = Dependence risk Ginger = Diarrhea Garlic = Bad breath Signup and view all the answers

Match the potential interaction with its associated remedy:

St. John's Wort = Amphetamines Valerian = Alcohol Ginger = Diabetes medications Garlic = Anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of the pharmacology course with their descriptions:

Flipped classroom model = Students watch pre-recorded lecture videos before attending live sessions Lecture outlines = Used to take notes while watching videos Module quizzes = Assess comprehension without outside sources Live lecture/tutoring = Provides additional instruction and addresses complex topics Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of study aids with their purposes:

Supplementary study aids = Included in the appendices for extra support Opportunity to fill in blanks = Helps ensure understanding of material Note-taking during videos = Encouraged to enhance retention of information Struggling topics = Should be noted for discussion with the instructor Signup and view all the answers

Match the following course aspects with their characteristics:

Fast-paced course = Designed to provide foundational understanding Alignment with pathophysiology = Students learn about the same body system across courses Exams scheduling = Pharmacology and pathophysiology exams alternate weeks Final exam = Typically taken at the end of both courses together Signup and view all the answers

Match the following study strategies with their goals:

Taking module quizzes = To assess comprehension and proficiency Watching lecture videos = To prepare for live discussions and tutoring Completing charts = To organize and understand pharmacological principles Not using notes during quizzes = To evaluate true understanding of the material Signup and view all the answers

Match the following study practices with their features:

Note-taking with outlines = Allows for increased spacing and additional notes Pre-recorded lecture videos = Available within the Canvas modules Homework assignments = Designed to deepen understanding of key concepts Assessment of comprehension = Conducted through quizzes after studying the content Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of assessments with their functions:

Module quizzes = Taken without notes or outside sources Final exam = Culmination of the entire pharmacology course Live lecture exams = Address areas that require additional instruction Online modules = Contain pre-recorded lectures and supporting materials Signup and view all the answers

Match the following course expectations with their explanations:

Pre-lecture video engagement = Important for success in the flipped classroom Taking notes during lectures = Enhances retention of complex material Identifying challenging topics = Prepares for discussions with the instructor Proficiency assessment = Ensures readiness for subsequent nursing courses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following educational objectives with their relevance:

Understanding key pharmacological principles = Foundational for nursing courses Completing all module content = Prepares students for quizzes and exams Addressing confusion in live lectures = Provides clarification on complex areas Focusing on body systems = Coordinated learning between pharmacology and pathophysiology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccines with their administration schedules:

Pneumococcal (PCV13) = 2, 4, and 6 months followed by 12-18 months Hepatitis A = 12-23 months (followed by 2^nd^ dose at 6-18 months) Hepatitis B = Birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months Meningococcal (MCV4) = 11-12 years with booster at 16 years Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate immunoglobulin context:

RhoGAM = Prevents maternal immune response to Rh+ fetal blood Immunoglobulin = Provides passive immunity Live vaccines = Contains weakened or attenuated pathogens Antineoplastic agents = Used in chemotherapy treatments Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccine types with their typical age groups:

COVID-19 = 6 months to 17 years Human Papillomavirus (HPV) = 11-12 years (up to age 26) Herpes Zoster (Shingrix) = Age 50 and older Meningococcal (MCV4) = Adolescents at 11-12 years Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccinations to their contraindications:

RhoGAM = Maternal Rh+ and Fetal Rh- Hepatitis B = Anaphylaxis to yeast Human Papillomavirus (HPV) = Allergic reaction to previous dose Herpes Zoster (Shingrix) = Immunocompromised individuals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccination side effects with their relevant vaccines:

HPV = Injection site tenderness, fainting Shingrix = Malaise, fever COVID-19 = Myocarditis, pericarditis Meningococcal = Fever, headache Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to the appropriate vaccine type:

Live vaccine = Contains weakened pathogens Inactivated vaccine = Contains killed pathogens Subunit vaccine = Contains pieces of the pathogen Toxoid vaccine = Contains inactivated toxins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemotherapy precautions with their recommendations:

Bathe daily = To maintain hygiene Avoid live plants/flowers = To prevent infection Report signs of illness = To monitor health Do not share personal items = To prevent cross-contamination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug categories with their primary actions:

Antiviral agents = Target viral infections Antimicrobial agents = Target bacterial infections Immunomodulators = Alter immune response Chemotherapy agents = Target cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccination outcomes with their intended effects:

Immunoglobulin = Provides immediate passive immunity Live vaccines = Stimulate long-term immunity Inactivated vaccines = Stimulate immune response without causing disease Toxoid vaccines = Provide immunity against toxins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following immunoglobulin context with their relevance:

RhoGAM = Specific to Rh incompatibility Immunoglobulin therapy = Used for immune deficiencies Live vaccines = Used in childhood immunization schedules Antineoplastic agents = Used in cancer treatment protocols Signup and view all the answers

Match the following health recommendations with chemotherapy precautions:

Wash hands and moisturize = To prevent cracked skin Avoid raw foods = To prevent foodborne illnesses Seek medical attention if fever > 101°F = To address potential infections Refrigerate food immediately = To maintain food safety Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

BIO290: Pharmacology Lecture Outlines

This course utilizes a "flipped classroom" model, requiring students to watch pre-recorded lectures and utilize lecture outlines for note-taking.
Homework assignments and live sessions are designed to reinforce and clarify complex concepts.
Module quizzes assess comprehension of module content without notes or outside sources.
The pharmacology course complements the pathophysiology course, aligning content and body system coverage across both.

Module 1 - Introduction to Pharmacology

Pharmacology: Study of drugs and their effects on the body.
Pharmacotherapeutics: Application of drugs to treat or prevent disease.
Drug: Any substance that alters the body's functions.
Placebo: An inactive substance, given to provide a perceived treatment.
Prototype: The original drug of a specific class.
Ideal Drug: Effective, safe, predictable, cheap, administered conveniently, no interactions with other medications or food.
Drug Naming: Includes trade names (brand names) and generic names.

Module 1 - Drug Development and Approval

Drug development follows a series of clinical trials evaluating safety and effectiveness.
Controlled Drug Schedules categorize drugs based on their potential for abuse and dependence risk.

Module 1 - Week 1: Introduction to Pharmacology

Drug Classification: Categorizes drugs based on their therapeutic use (e.g., reducing fever) or pharmacologic actions (e.g., affecting a nervous system receptor).

Module 2 - Week 2: Anti-Infective Drugs

Introduction to Antibiotics: A class of medication to target bacterial infections.
Broad-spectrum vs. Narrow-spectrum: Broad-spectrum antibiotics target a wider range of bacteria, possibly causing more side effects. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are more specific.
Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic: Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent bacterial growth.

Module 3 - Week 3: Immunomodulators & Antineoplastic Agents

Bone Marrow Suppression: Reduction in cells produced by the bone marrow.
Infection/Neutropenic Precautions: Methods to prevent infection in clients with bone marrow suppression.
Immunostimulants: Medications that stimulate the immune system.

Module 4 - Week 4: Pain & Substance Abuse

Pain Management: Strategies for managing pain, encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA): System where the client controls the administration of medication to manage pain.

Module 5 - Week 5: Mental Health, Epilepsy, & Anesthesia

Anxiolytics: Drugs for managing anxiety.
Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping
Antipsychotics: Drugs used for treating various psychotic disorders.

Module 6 - Week 6: Bone & Skin Disorders

Calcium: Important for bone health.
Calcium citrate: Supplement to maintain calcium levels.
Calcitriol: Hormone analogue to promote calcium absorption.

Module 7 - Week 7: Autonomic Nervous System Medications

Autonomic Nervous System: System involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Module 8 - Week 8: Endocrine Medications

Somatotropin: Growth Hormone
Octreotide: Used for treating hyperpituitarism.
Desmopressin: For conditions involving antidiuretic hormone.

Module 9 - Week 9: Cardiovascular Drugs Part 1

Blood Thinners: Include anticoagulants and antiplatelets (e.g., Heparin, Warfarin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel).
Coagulation: Blood clotting process involves intrinsic and extrinsic pathways resulting in a fibrin clot.
Various laboratory tests assess the efficiency of clottin.

Module 10 - Week 10: Cardiovascular Drugs Part 2

Dyslipidemia: Disorders involving abnormalities in blood lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides).
Lipid-lowering Medications: Atorvastatin, cholestyramine.

Module 11 - Week 11: Diuretics, IV Fluids, & Treatment of Poisoning

pH Balance: Sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride adjustments to manage acidosis or alkalosis.
Diuretics: Medications for increased urine production, used in several conditions (e.g., hypertension).

Module 12 - Week 12: Respiratory & Eye/Ear Drugs

Asthma Treatment Guidelines: Sequential therapy steps including medications (e.g., SABA, ICS, LABA)
Respiratory Drugs: Ipratropium, albuterol.

Module 13 - Week 13: Gastrointestinal Medications

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): Conditions characterized by sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): The flow of stomach acid up into the esophagus (heartburn).
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Omeprazole, esomeprazole are commonly used to reduce acid production.
Antacids: Can relieve symptoms, including aluminum-containing drugs.

Module 14 - Week 14: Female Hormones & Reproductive Medications

Estrogens: Hormones important for regulating the female reproductive system.
Progesterone: Important hormone for regulating the menstrual cycle.
Male Reproductive Medications: Testosterone is important for men's reproductive system.

Appendix A - Latin Abbreviations

List of common medical abbreviations and their meanings.

Appendix B - Drug Prefixes and Suffixes

List of common prefixes and suffixes used in drug names, and their associated drug class or categories

Appendix C - Blank Drug Cards

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Description

Test your knowledge on drug administration routes, antibiotic classifications, and pharmacological terms. This quiz will help you match key concepts with their definitions and characteristics, enhancing your understanding of pharmacology and antibiotic resistance.