Pharmacology: Amoxicillin, Chlordiazepoxide, Cholestyramine

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of Amoxicillin?

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (correct)

Binds bile acids in the intestine

Enhances GABA effects

Which of the following conditions is Chlordiazepoxide primarily indicated for?

Lowering cholesterol levels

Management of anxiety (correct)

Upper respiratory infections

Treatment of skin infections

What nursing consideration is important for patients taking Amoxicillin?

It can be taken intermittently with no regard to timing

Allergies to penicillin and cephalosporins should be assessed (correct)

It should be taken with food to avoid nausea

Patients should start tapering doses after one week

Which of the following is a common side effect of Chlordiazepoxide?

Dependence and withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Cholestyramine Resin is primarily used to manage which of the following?

Elevated cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration when administering Cholestyramine Resin?

Encourage adequate fluid intake to prevent constipation Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following reasons should patients avoid alcohol while taking Chlordiazepoxide?

It can enhance the CNS depressant effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for Amoxicillin?

Oral and IV Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Cimetidine?

Blocks H2 receptors in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is Cimetidine indicated for?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration when administering Clarithromycin?

Monitor for signs of infection improvement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Cimetidine?

Confusion and hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Disulfiram in the treatment of alcoholism?

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

How should patients be educated regarding the use of Disulfiram?

They should avoid all forms of alcohol, including mouthwash Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is classified as a Macrolide?

Clarithromycin Signup and view all the answers

In what route can Cimetidine be administered?

Orally and intravenously Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of esomeprazole?

Reduces gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the proton pump Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration should be taken when administering famotidine?

Monitor for potential adverse effects like confusion Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is lactulose specifically indicated?

Hepatic encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What must be monitored while a patient is on lactulose?

Frequency and consistency of bowel movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing consideration for patients on esomeprazole?

Educate about completing the full course of treatment Signup and view all the answers

What effect does famotidine have on gastric acid secretion?

Blocks production of histamine, which decreases gastric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

Why should esomeprazole be given before meals?

For optimal effectiveness in reducing gastric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for the use of esomeprazole?

Treatment of constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of mesalimine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when administering senna?

Monitor for signs of dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What potential adverse effects should be monitored during the administration of mesalimine?

Gastrointestinal symptoms and allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What category of medication is senna classified as?

Stimulant laxative Signup and view all the answers

What route of administration is NOT an option for mesalimine?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

In patients using senna, which condition should raise caution regarding its use?

Gastrointestinal obstructions Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for mesalimine in patient treatment?

Inflammatory bowel diseases Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydration encouraged for patients taking mesalimine?

To prevent kidney stone formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Lansoprazole?

Inhibits the proton pump in the stomach's parietal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT indicated for the use of Infliximab?

Gallstones Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration when administering Lansoprazole?

Monitor for allergies to PPIs Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for Ursodeoxycholic Acid?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential interaction to consider with Ursodeoxycholic Acid?

Bile acid binders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates the need to monitor liver function when using Ursodeoxycholic Acid?

Gallstone dissolution process Signup and view all the answers

Why is monitoring important when administering Infliximab?

To observe for improvement in autoimmune conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Lansoprazole?

Proton Pump Inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amoxicillin

Antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, killing the bacteria
Administer orally or intravenously (IV)
Assess for penicillin allergies, monitor for allergic reactions
Complete full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve
Monitor for oral thrush, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Chlordiazepoxide

Benzodiazepine used for anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and preoperative anxiety
Enhances the effects of GABA, causing central nervous system (CNS) depression
Administer orally
Assess for benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
Monitor vital signs, especially respiratory rate
Advise against alcohol and CNS depressants while taking this medication
Avoid abrupt discontinuation, taper dosage if necessary

Cholestyramine

Bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol and treat itching associated with biliary obstruction
Binds to bile acids in the intestines, preventing absorption and promoting excretion
Administer orally as a powder mixed with water or other liquids
Assess for allergies to cholestyramine
Administer other medications 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after cholestyramine
Encourage adequate fluid intake to prevent constipation
Monitor lipid levels to assess treatment effectiveness

Cimetidine

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist used to treat ulcers and GERD
Blocks H2 receptors in the stomach, reducing gastric acid secretion
Administer orally or IV
Assess for hypersensitivity to cimetidine
Monitor for reduced gastric acid secretion and relief from heartburn or ulcer symptoms
Educate patients to take the medication with meals or at bedtime
Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with medications metabolized by the liver
Monitor for adverse effects such as confusion, hallucinations, or arrhythmias

Clarithromycin

Macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and H. pylori eradication
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
Administer orally or IV
Assess for allergies to macrolides
Monitor for improvement in infection symptoms
Complete full course of antibiotics even if feeling better
Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with medications metabolized by the liver
Monitor for gastrointestinal side effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain

Disulfiram

Alcohol deterrent medication used as an adjunct to psychotherapy in managing alcoholism
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to accumulation of acetaldehyde when consuming alcohol
Acetaldehyde accumulation causes unpleasant symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and palpitations
Administer orally
Assess for hypersensitivity to disulfiram
Ensure the patient understands the consequences of consuming alcohol while taking disulfiram
Monitor for signs of alcohol consumption
Educate patients about the importance of avoiding all forms of alcohol, including mouthwash and certain medications
Be aware of potential drug interactions that may affect disulfiram's metabolism or effectiveness

Esomeprazole

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, and prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Reduces gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach's parietal cells
Administer orally or IV
Assess for allergies to PPIs
Administer before meals for optimal effectiveness
Monitor for symptom improvement, such as heartburn or ulcer relief
Complete the full course of treatment
Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with medications that require an acidic environment for absorption

Famotidine

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist used to treat and prevent ulcers, GERD, heartburn, and pathological hypersecretory conditions
Blocks histamine receptors in the stomach, reducing gastric acid secretion
Administer orally or IV
Assess for allergies to famotidine or other H2 antagonists
Administer with or without food, as directed by the healthcare provider
Monitor for symptom relief and ulcer healing
Educate patients about potential drug interactions and the importance of taking the medication as prescribed
Be alert to potential adverse effects, such as confusion or arrhythmias

Lactulose

Osmotic laxative used to treat constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, and reduce blood ammonia levels
Draws water into the colon, softening the stool and promoting bowel movements
In hepatic encephalopathy, it traps ammonia in the colon for excretion
Administer orally
Assess for allergies to lactulose
Monitor bowel movements for frequency and consistency
Monitor for signs of improved mental status and reduced ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy
Encourage adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration
May take up to 48 hours to produce a laxative effect, dosage adjustments may be needed

Lansoprazole

PPI used to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Reduces gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach's parietal cells
Administer orally or IV
Assess for allergies to PPIs
Administer before meals for optimal effectiveness
Monitor for symptom improvement, such as heartburn or ulcer relief
Complete the full course of treatment
Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with medications that require an acidic environment for absorption

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Bile acid used to treat certain gallstones, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and cholestatic liver disorders
Decreases cholesterol content in bile and reduces cholesterol gallstone formation
Promotes gallstone dissolution
Administer orally
Assess for allergies to ursodeoxycholic acid
Monitor for gallstone dissolution, which may take several months
Educate patients about the importance of adhering to the prescribed regimen
Monitor liver function and symptoms of disease progression
Be aware of potential drug interactions, particularly with bile acid binders

Infliximab

TNF blocker, immunomodulator, and monoclonal antibody, used to treat autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis
Blocks the action of TNF, a cytokine involved in inflammation, reducing autoimmune responses and inflammation
Administer IV
Assess for allergies to infliximab or other biological medications
Administer as directed by the healthcare provider, often in a healthcare setting due to the IV route
Monitor for signs of improvement in the autoimmune condition, such as reduced joint pain or inflammation
Educate patients about regular follow-up appointments and potential risks, including infections and malignancies
Be alert to potential adverse effects and monitor for infusion reactions during administration

Mesalamine

Aminosalicylate and anti-inflammatory, used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
Reduces inflammation in the colon by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Administer orally or rectally
Assess for allergies to mesalamine or related medications
Monitor for symptom improvement, such as reduced abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloody stools
Educate patients about the importance of adhering to the prescribed regimen
Be alert to potential adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms or allergic reactions
Encourage water intake to prevent kidney stone formation

Senna

Laxative (stimulant) used to relieve constipation, prepare for diagnostic procedures, and evacuate the bowel post-surgery
Stimulates peristalsis in the colon, leading to bowel movements and constipation relief
Administer orally as tablets or liquid
Assess for allergies to senna or other laxatives
Administer as directed, usually at bedtime to allow for a bowel movement in the morning
Monitor for the desired laxative effect, such as softened stools and constipation relief
Educate patients about the importance of maintaining adequate fluid intake while using senna
Be cautious when using senna in patients with certain conditions, such as gastrointestinal obstructions or inflammatory bowel disease, as it may exacerbate these conditions
This medication is over-the-counter (OTC)

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Description

This quiz covers the pharmacological details of three medications: Amoxicillin, Chlordiazepoxide, and Cholestyramine. Test your knowledge on their uses, mechanisms of action, monitoring requirements, and patient education points. Perfect for students in nursing or pharmacy courses.