12 Questions
Which phase of the cell cycle do cancer cells primarily show defects in?
S phase
What type of genetic alterations are responsible for driving the progressive transformation of cancer cells?
Gain of function mutations in oncogenes
Which process marks the end of a cell's proliferation due to reaching the limit of divisions?
Telomerase activation
What is the main purpose of angiogenesis in cancer?
Supplying nutrients for tumor growth
Which process involves the spread of cancer cells to secondary organs?
Tissue invasion & Metastasis
What percentage of cancer drugs target crucial drivers of cancer?
5-25%
In cancer, what is the main function of cell cycle checkpoints?
Halting cell cycle progression for repair or apoptosis
Which type of cells do cancer drugs target, according to the text?
Cancer and normal cells that rely on growth signals
What is an example of a drug targeting DNA replication mentioned in the text?
Cisplatin
Which type of cancer treatment involves harnessing the patient's immune system to target their own cancer?
Immunotherapy
What aspect of tumors is described as including genetic, non-genetic, and tumor microenvironment factors?
Heterogeneity
Which type of cancer drug is specifically described as an engineered immune cell?
CAR-T
Study Notes
Cell Cycle and Cancer
- Cancer cells primarily show defects in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Genetic Alterations and Cancer
- Genetic alterations driving the progressive transformation of cancer cells are primarily mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
Cellular Proliferation
- The process that marks the end of a cell's proliferation due to reaching the limit of divisions is senescence.
Angiogenesis in Cancer
- The main purpose of angiogenesis in cancer is to supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients.
Metastasis
- Metastasis is the process that involves the spread of cancer cells to secondary organs.
Cancer Drug Targets
- Approximately 78% of cancer drugs target crucial drivers of cancer.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- The main function of cell cycle checkpoints in cancer is to detect and respond to DNA damage.
Cancer Drug Targets
- Cancer drugs target cancer cells, specifically proliferating cells.
DNA Replication Inhibitors
- An example of a drug targeting DNA replication is Gemcitabine.
Immunotherapy
- Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that involves harnessing the patient's immune system to target their own cancer.
Tumor Heterogeneity
- Tumor heterogeneity describes the combination of genetic, non-genetic, and tumor microenvironment factors.
Engineered Immune Cells
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells are an example of engineered immune cells used as cancer drugs.
Test your knowledge on the hallmarks of cancer as discussed in Lecture 6 of the Pharmacology 4001 course. Explore key concepts related to the mechanisms of drug action and the characteristics of cancer cells.
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