Pharmacological Treatment of Osteoporosis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis?

  • To enhance vitamin D absorption in the intestines
  • To reduce the production of hormones that affect bone health
  • To increase calcium intake significantly
  • To prevent bone resorption and maintain bone density (correct)

Which DMARD is known to also be utilized in cancer treatment?

  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Methotrexate (correct)
  • Azathioprine

How can reflux associated with bone resorption inhibitors be minimized?

  • By avoiding all forms of calcium supplements
  • By increasing dietary fiber intake
  • By taking the medication with milk
  • By sitting upright for at least 30 minutes after taking (correct)

Which of the following describes pancytopenia?

<p>A decrease in all types of blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed by the nurse before administering a PRN muscle relaxant?

<p>The patient's level of pain and muscle tension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Goal of pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis

To prevent bone loss and increase bone density. This helps reduce the risk of fractures.

How do bone inhibitors work?

These medications reduce the activity of bone cells called osteoclasts, which break down bone tissue. By slowing down bone breakdown, they help maintain or increase bone density.

How do DMARDS work?

DMARDS mainly work by suppressing the immune system's response to inflammation. This action helps to slow down the damage to joints caused by rheumatoid arthritis, but it also puts the patient at risk for a host of side effects.

What are the main side effects of DMARDS?

DMARDS have many possible side effects including increased risk of infections, liver damage, and bone marrow suppression. Liver function tests and blood counts should be monitored frequently while the patient is taking these medications.

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How do muscle relaxants work?

Muscle relaxants primarily work by reducing the activity of the central nervous system, which in turn reduces muscle spasms and pain. They are most effective for managing pain associated with acute muscle injuries, like sprains or strains.

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Study Notes

Pharmacological Treatment of Osteoporosis

  • Goal of treatment: To prevent bone loss and fractures.
  • Bone inhibitors work by reducing bone resorption.

Bone Resorption Inhibitors and Reflux

  • Minimizing reflux: Administering the medication with food can help.

Vitamin D and Bone Health

  • Vitamin D enhances bone health by increasing calcium absorption and promoting bone mineralization.

Contraindicated Bone Inhibitor During Pregnancy

  • Denosumab is contraindicated during pregnancy.
  • Instructions for minimizing stomatitis: Good oral hygiene, soft foods, and avoiding irritating substances are crucial.

Birth Control and DMARDS for Women

  • Women taking DMARDS should use effective birth control due to potential effects on fertility.

DMARD Used for Cancer Treatment

  • Methotrexate is a DMARD used to treat certain cancers.

Nursing Interventions for Bone Marrow Depression

  • Interventions: Monitor complete blood count (CBC), avoid medications that suppress bone marrow function, and provide supportive care. Address any infections quickly.

DMARDS in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

  • DMARDS are effective in treating RA by decreasing inflammation and autoimmune responses.

Definitions:

  • Pancytopenia: A condition of reduced red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
  • Alopecia: Loss of hair.
  • Exfoliative dermatitis: A severe skin condition characterized by widespread redness and shedding.

Gout Maintenance Drug

  • Allopurinol is the drug of choice for maintenance of gouty arthritis.

Patient Teaching Plan for Gout

  • Teach patients about medications, dietary restrictions (purine-rich foods), hydration, and potential complications of gout.

Muscle Relaxant Adverse Effects

  • Most common adverse effect: Drowsiness or dizziness.

Pre-PRN Muscle Relaxant Assessment

  • Assess the patient's pain level, vital signs, and ability to perform activities of daily living.
  • Assess respiratory rate and depth.

Muscle Relaxant Use in Acute Muscle Injuries

  • Muscle relaxants are useful for reducing pain and spasms associated with acute muscle injuries.

Evaluating DMARD and Muscle Relaxant Efficacy

  • Effectiveness evaluated by monitoring pain levels and functional improvements, or improvement in inflammation in the joints for DMARDS. Blood tests and physical examination results would be useful for determining bone and muscle healing.

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