Pharmacokinetics: Volume of Distribution

What is the advantage of using extended-release tablets for oral morphine?

What are the advantages of sublingual and buccal routes of drug absorption?

When is parenteral drug administration used?

What are the benefits of parenteral routes of drug administration?

What is the formula for calculating the volume of distribution (Vd)?

In which compartment of the body is a drug effectively trapped if it has a high molecular weight or is extensively protein bound?

Which type of drug distribution results in a low volume of distribution (Vd) that approximates the plasma volume?

What does a low volume of distribution (Vd) indicate about the distribution of a drug in the body?

What is the energy source driving active transport of drugs across the cell membrane?

Which mechanism of drug absorption involves specific carrier proteins that span the cell membrane?

What type of absorption is used to transport drugs of exceptionally large size across the cell membrane?

Which process involves cells using vesicle formation to secrete substances out of the cell?

Which process involves drugs entering the kidney through renal arteries?

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

What influences the passage of drugs into the glomerular filtrate?

Where do drugs that were not transferred into the glomerular filtrate leave the glomeruli?

What factor strongly influences the distribution of lipophilic drugs?

Which type of drug distribution may serve as a major source of the drug and prolong its actions or cause local drug toxicity?

What is the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) defined as?

In drug distribution, drugs that accumulate in tissues may do so due to:

In which clinical situation may a patient require a decrease in drug dosage or less frequent dosing?

Which abnormality is likely to result in an increase in drug half-life for a patient?

What can result in the necessity of higher doses or more frequent dosing intervals for a drug?

What factors influence the distribution of a drug from the plasma to the interstitium?

Why does propofol rapidly distribute into the central nervous system (CNS) when administered intravenously?

What determines capillary permeability in the process of drug distribution?

Which factor partly explains the short duration of hypnosis produced by an IV bolus of propofol?

What does the volume of distribution (Vd) indicate about a drug that has a low Vd?

In which compartment of the body would a drug with a low molecular weight but is hydrophilic distribute into?

What factor could lead to a drug having a high volume of distribution (Vd)?

What does the volume of distribution (Vd) compare the distribution of a drug with?

Why is the rectal route of drug administration advantageous in preventing drug destruction in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment?

What is a significant disadvantage of the rectal route of drug administration?

How does the rate and extent of drug absorption vary for routes of administration other than intravenous?

What does the absorption of drugs involve?

What type of distribution does aminoglycoside antibiotics exhibit?

What does a larger volume of distribution (Vd) generally indicate?

How is the apparent Vd defined?

What allows for the calculation of Vd in drug clearance?

Which type of drug kinetics is most commonly observed for drug elimination?

What allows the kidney to efficiently eliminate lipophilic drugs?

Which general set of reactions in the liver leads to the conversion of lipid-soluble agents into more polar substances?

What must drugs be sufficiently polar to be, in order to be eliminated from the body?

What are the factors that influence the distribution of a drug from the plasma to the interstitium?

Why does propofol rapidly distribute into the central nervous system (CNS) when administered intravenously?

What may partly explain the short duration of hypnosis produced by an IV bolus of propofol?

What determines capillary permeability in the process of drug distribution?