Pharmacokinetics Quiz Set A

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?

Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?

Which term refers to the study of drug movement throughout the body?

What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?

Which route of administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?

Which organ is the most important for drug excretion?

What is the purpose of a prodrug?

What is the half-life of a drug?

What is the first pass effect?

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?

Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?

Which term refers to the process of drug movement throughout the body?

Which route of administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?

When local, rapid effects are needed, where is it necessary to introduce drugs directly?

Which of the following is the most important consequence of drug metabolism?

What is the purpose of a prodrug?

What is the definition of half-life (t½)?

Which route of excretion removes drugs from the body through urine, bile, sweat, saliva, breast milk, and expired air?

Match the following drug absorption methods with their descriptions:

Match the following terms related to drugs with their definitions:

Match the following terms related to drug distribution with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Match the following routes of administration with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their associated areas:

Match the following terms with their definitions related to drug metabolism:

Match the following terms with their definitions related to drug excretion:

Match the following terms with their definitions related to drug dosage:

Match the following non-renal routes of drug excretion:

During the first pass effect, a drug is absorbed from the GI tract and enters the ______ circulation before entering the systemic circulation.

A prodrug is a compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic ______.

The ______ of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half.

A steady state of drug concentration is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit and takes about four ______.

Glomerular filtration is the first step in renal drug ______, where filtration moves drugs from blood to urine.

During the first pass effect, a drug is absorbed from the GI tract and enters the ______ circulation before entering the systemic circulation.

A steady state of drug concentration is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit and takes about four ______.

What is the definition of half-life (t½)?

What is the purpose of a prodrug?

Glomerular filtration is the first step in renal drug ______, where filtration moves drugs from blood to urine.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug ______ throughout the body.

Absorption refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the ______ fluids and tissues.

Drugs can be absorbed from many different areas in the body: through the gi tract either orally or rectally, through mucous membranes, through the skin, through the lung, or through ______ or subcutaneous tissues.

Routes of Drug Administration - ______ Inhalations

The blood–brain barrier typically delays or prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). When local, rapid effects are needed, it is necessary to introduce drugs directly into the ______ fluid.

The ______ is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit and takes about four.

During the first pass effect, a drug is absorbed from the GI tract and enters the ______ circulation before entering the systemic circulation.

What is the purpose of a prodrug?

Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?

Glomerular filtration is the first step in renal drug ______, where filtration moves drugs from blood to urine.

What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

A steady state of drug concentration is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit and takes about four ______.

Which route of excretion removes drugs from the body through urine, bile, sweat, saliva, breast milk, and expired air?

Topical application is used when a local effect of the drug is desired. Routes of Drug Administration - Others ______ This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal patch. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the skin at the site of application, as well as the lipid solubility of the drug.

Drug ______ It is the movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration. Drugs can be absorbed into cells through various processes, which include passive diffusion, active transport, and filtration

The driving force for passive diffusion of a drug is the concentration gradient across a membrane separating two body compartments. In other words, the drug moves from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration. ______ does not involve a carrier, is not saturable, and shows low structural specificity.

______ relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive transport does not require energy to move drugs across the membrane

______ requires a carrier, such as an enzyme or protein, to move the drug against a concentration gradient. Energy is required for active absorption. Driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

______ is a process by which cells carry a drug across their membranes by engulfing the drug particles in a vesicle

Passive diffusion is driven by the concentration gradient across a ______ separating two body compartments.

Facilitated diffusion relies on a ______ protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Active transport requires a ______, such as an enzyme or protein, to move the drug against a concentration gradient.

Pinocytosis is a process by which cells carry a drug across their membranes by engulfing the drug ______ in a vesicle.

Endocytosis involves engulfment of a drug by the cell membrane and transport into the cell by ______ off the drug-filled vesicle.

The amount of drug that reaches the bloodstream is called ______.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug ______ throughout the body.

Absorption refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and ______.

Both the oral inhalation and nasal routes of administration provide rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and ______ epithelium.

The blood–brain barrier typically delays or prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). When local, rapid effects are needed, it is necessary to introduce drugs directly into the ______ fluid.

______ relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive transport does not require energy to move drugs across the membrane.

This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal patch. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the skin at the site of application, as well as the lipid solubility of the ______.

The most important consequence of drug metabolism is promotion of renal drug excretion by converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms.

Prodrug

Half-Life (t½)

Steady State

Loading Dose

Special Considerations of Drug Metabolism

Drug Excretion

Topical application is used when a systemic effect of the drug is desired.

Transdermal administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin.

Passive diffusion of a drug involves movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Facilitated diffusion requires energy to move drugs across the membrane.

Active transport of a drug requires a carrier protein.

Pinocytosis is a process by which cells engulf drug particles in a vesicle.

Bioavailability is determined by comparing plasma levels of a drug after oral administration with levels achieved by IV administration.

The blood-brain barrier prevents all drugs from reaching the CNS.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body.

Absorption refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues.

Oral inhalation and nasal routes of administration provide rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium.

Intrathecal and intraventricular routes of drug administration are used when local, rapid effects are needed.

The blood-brain barrier typically delays or prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system.

Active transport requires a carrier protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient.

A prodrug is a compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic agent.

Routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, oral/nasal inhalations, topical, and rectal.

True or false: Drug metabolism primarily promotes renal drug excretion by converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms.

True or false: The first pass effect occurs when a drug is rapidly metabolized in the liver or gut wall during its initial passage through the portal circulation.

True or false: Prodrugs are compounds that are metabolized into active pharmacologic substances, and are often used to improve drug bioavailability and decrease toxicity.

True or false: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by one-third.

True or false: A steady state of drug concentration is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit and takes about four half-lives to reach.

True or false: A loading dose is a large initial dose of a drug that is administered to reach therapeutic effects while a steady state is being reached.

True or false: The kidney is the most important organ for drug excretion.

True or false: Glomerular filtration is the first step in renal drug excretion, where drugs are filtered from the blood to the urine.

True or false: Passive reabsorption occurs when lipid-soluble drugs move back into the blood, while polar and ionized drugs remain in the urine.

What is the elimination half-life of the R(+) enantiomer of carvedilol?

What is the elimination half-life of the S(-) enantiomer of carvedilol?

How many elimination half-lives does it take for approximately 97% of the bioavailable dose to be eliminated from the body?