Factors Affecting Drug Absorption

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What is the melting point of cocoa butter?

Between 30°C and 35°C (correct)

Between 25°C and 30°C

Between 35°C and 40°C

Between 20°C and 25°C

What is the purpose of adding wax and spermaceti to cocoa butter?

To increase its melting point

To change its crystal structure

To correct the lowered melting point due to certain drugs (correct)

To decrease its melting point

What is the advantage of cocoa butter as a suppository base?

It is non-reactive and melts at body temperature (correct)

It is highly reactive

It can take up large quantities of water

It is too brittle for use

What is the maximum amount of water that cocoa butter can take up?

20 to 30 g of water to 100 g of cocoa butter Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'seeding' in cocoa butter crystallization?

To prevent the formation of unstable forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at which the α form of cocoa butter is obtained?

0°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cocoa butter that causes suppositories to adhere to molds?

Low contractility Signup and view all the answers

How many crystalline states can cocoa butter exist in?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What influences the diffusivity of a drug to the site of absorption?

Both the nature of the medicament and the physiologic state of the colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a higher melting range on absorption from fatty bases?

It decreases the absorption rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing hydroxyl values on the absorption rate of polyethylene glycol bases?

It increases the absorption rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding hydrophobic colloidal silicon oxide to a fat base?

It increases the rheologic behavior of the mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the percentage of the cross-linking agent ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in hydrogels of hydroxyethyl methacrylate?

It decreases the drug release Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding an aqueous polymer to emulsion type bases?

It increases the dissolution of the drug in the media Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of salicylates on the rectal absorption of water-soluble antibiotics in lipophilic bases?

It increases the absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the specifications for suppository bases?

Both the origin and chemical composition of the base Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature range is the solidified melt tempered?

28-32°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycerin in glycerinated gelatin suppositories?

To dissolve the suppository in the body cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of glycerinated gelatin suppositories that requires them to be stored in a cool place?

They support mold or bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula of polyethylene glycols?

HOCH2(CH2OCH2)X CH2OH Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing average molecular weight on the water solubility of polyethylene glycols?

It decreases the water solubility Signup and view all the answers

Why are rectal suppositories usually not compressed as tablets?

The amount of liquid in the rectal cavity is insufficient for tablet disintegration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coating the compressed rectal suppository with water-soluble polyethylene glycol?

To aid in insertion into the rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pH of the vagina that is achieved by using boric and/or phosphoric acid in vaginal tablets?

pH 5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fracturing of suppositories made with certain bases?

Rapid chilling of the melted base Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a small amount of Tween 80, Tween 85, or fatty acid monoglycerides to the suppository base?

To reduce the temperature differential between the melted base and mold Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the weight of a suppository?

The specific gravity of the base Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of hand molding over compression molding?

It is more practical and economical for small-scale production Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of compression molding?

It is too slow for large-scale production Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using starch or talc powder on the rolling surface and hands in hand molding?

To prevent the mass from adhering to the surface and hands Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of compression molding over hand molding in terms of sedimentation?

It reduces the risk of sedimentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for weight variations between suppositories?

Inconsistencies in the manufacturing process Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used method for producing suppositories?

Pour molding Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to melt the base material on a water or steam bath?

To avoid local overheating Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of overwrapping or packaging suppositories individually?

To prevent staining and deformation due to melting Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of in-package molding for suppositories intended for tropical climates?

Retains shape even if the mass melts at high temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of in-package molding?

Dependence on the shape of the formed mold Signup and view all the answers

Why are active ingredients emulsified or suspended in the melted base material?

To ensure uniform distribution of the active ingredients Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cooling stations in in-package molding?

To cool the suppositories after injection Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of in-package molding over traditional pour molding?

No bulk handling or storage of unwrapped suppositories Signup and view all the answers