Pharmacokinetics Quiz
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Pharmacokinetics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does pharmacokinetics primarily focus on regarding drugs?

  • The chemical structure of drugs and their synthesis
  • The fate of the drug in the organism over time and dose (correct)
  • The psychological effects of drugs on patients
  • The social implications of drug use and distribution
  • What is the primary outcome of the liberation process in pharmacokinetics?

  • The drug being metabolized in the liver
  • The drug entering the bloodstream
  • The drug dissolving and being ready to absorb (correct)
  • The elimination of the drug from the body
  • Which statement accurately describes metabolism in pharmacokinetics?

  • It refers to reversible conversion of drugs into metabolites
  • It is the irreversible transformation of compounds into metabolites (correct)
  • It is solely about the elimination of drugs from the body
  • It is the process of substances entering blood circulation
  • Which of the following processes is NOT part of the pharmacokinetic acronym ADME?

    <p>Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does distribution refer to in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The dispersion of substances throughout fluids and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state does absorption primarily occur?

    <p>When the drug is liberated from its pharmaceutical formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the drug dissolve and become absorbable?

    <p>Liberation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines excretion in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The elimination of substances from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors increases the rate of drug absorption?

    <p>Higher drug concentration in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing the absorption rates, which order correctly represents the fastest to slowest absorption from a drug administration perspective?

    <p>IV &gt; IM &gt; Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of dosage form, how do absorption rates of various forms compare?

    <p>Solutions are absorbed faster than capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an immediate or direct route of drug administration?

    <p>Drugs that do not undergo alterations before reaching the site of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes passive diffusion in drug absorption?

    <p>Is affected by drug concentration differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of parenteral routes of drug administration?

    <p>Can lead to localized infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor enhances oral drug absorption?

    <p>Increased lipophilicity of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the absorption from the topical route considered less predictable?

    <p>Due to the variability of skin integrity and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administration route typically results in less predictable absorption?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of bioavailability in the context of drug absorption?

    <p>It refers to the fraction of the administered drug that reaches systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of food in the stomach have on drug absorption when taken orally?

    <p>Generally slows down absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between drug lipophilicity and topical absorption?

    <p>Lipophilic drugs are absorbed better in intact skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bioavailability' refer to?

    <p>The fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in an active form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is primarily used to measure bioavailability?

    <p>Area Under the Curve (AUC) calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute bioavailability of a drug administered intravenously (IV)?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect bioavailability?

    <p>Injection technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing bioavailability of non-IV routes to IV, what must be accounted for?

    <p>Dose normalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmacokinetics studies how the body handles drugs over time and dosage. It focuses on the body’s actions on the drug, specifically absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
    • Liberation is the initial step, referring to the release of the drug from its formulation.

    Absorption

    • The process where a substance enters the bloodstream from the administration site.
    • Key factors impacting absorption include:
      • Solubility
      • Concentration
      • Absorption surface area
      • Blood flow at the absorption surface
      • Administration route

    Factors Modifying Drug Absorption

    • Concentration influences passive diffusion, with concentrated solutions leading to faster absorption.
    • Dosage form plays a role, with liquids generally absorbed faster than solids, and smaller particles yielding better absorption.
    • Routes of administration determine the speed and extent of absorption. Intravenous (IV) administration bypasses absorption altogether.
      • IMMEDIATE/DIRECT: Drugs act directly without alterations. Examples include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraarterial administration.
      • MEDIATE/INDIRECT: Drugs pass through skin/mucous membranes, potentially undergoing alterations. Examples include oral, sublingual, rectal, and topical administration.

    Oral Administration Route

    • Barrier: Digestive tract
    • Advantages: Most commonly used, but less predictable.
    • Factors that enhance absorption: Lipid-soluble or non-ionized molecules, an empty stomach, acid drugs, and small particle size.

    Parenteral Administration Route

    • Advantages: IV avoids absorption, SC and IM place the drug near capillary vessels, faster than oral administration, and SC is slower than IM due to less vascularization.
    • Disadvantages: Requires sterile instruments and skilled personnel, risk of local infection, and potentially more intense adverse drug reactions.

    Topical Administration Route

    • Systemic absorption depends on the drug’s lipophilicity.
    • Damaged skin facilitates compound entry.
    • Systemic absorption can be a disadvantage when only topical effects are desired.
    • Transdermal patches are a common example.

    Bioavailability

    • Bioavailability (F) represents the portion of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation in its active form.
    • IV administration achieves 100% bioavailability.
    • Non-IV routes have lower bioavailability, influenced by factors affecting absorption, distribution, and metabolism.

    Area Under the Curve (AUC)

    • Measures the total drug concentration in plasma over time after IV or extravascular administration.
    • AUC is used to determine bioavailability.
    • Absolute Bioavailability compares the bioavailability of non-IV routes to IV administration, using dose normalization.

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    Lesson 2 Pharmacokinetics PDF

    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge on pharmacokinetics, focusing on how the body handles drugs. You'll explore key concepts such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Additionally, the factors that modify drug absorption will be examined.

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