Pharmacokinetics Quiz

True (A)

Passive diffusion

<p>2-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption = The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream Distribution = The transport of a drug throughout the body to its site of action Metabolism = The conversion of a drug into a more soluble form for easier elimination Excretion = The removal of a drug from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug Cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood type of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration gradient of the drug across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion through open ion pores = Small, water-soluble drug Passive Diffusion = Lipid-soluble drug Facilitated Diffusion = Requires a specific carrier protein Active Transport = Requires energy and moves against the concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In acidic environments, a weak acid drug is mostly in its non-ionized form, while in alkaline environments, it is mostly ionized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption = The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. Distribution = The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs. Metabolism = The process by which a drug is chemically transformed in the body. Excretion = The process of eliminating a drug from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antibiotic for diarrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antibiotic for meningitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone (A), Adipose tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transform drugs into a form that can be more easily eliminated from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>apparent volume of distribution (Vd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active to Inactive = Morphine to morphine-3-glucuronide Active to Active = BZP to its active metabolite Prodrug to Active = Enalapril to Enalaprilat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteral and Parenteral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diclofenac dispersable tablets are designed to dissolve quickly in the mouth, allowing for rapid absorption. Diclofenac sustained release tablets are formulated to release the drug gradually over an extended period, providing longer-lasting pain relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syrup = Liquid formulation, generally absorbed quickly Capsule = Solid formulation, containing the drug in a capsule shell Sustained release tablet = Formulated to release the drug gradually over an extended time, providing longer duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach has a more acidic environment than the intestines. Aspirin, being a weak acid, will be mostly in its non-ionized form in the acidic stomach, allowing it to readily cross lipid membranes and be absorbed. In the more alkaline environment of the intestines, aspirin will be mostly ionized, making it less likely to be absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First-pass metabolism is the metabolic transformation of a drug that occurs in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine = Kidney Bile = Liver Sweat, saliva, tears = Skin, salivary glands, lacrimal glands Milk = Mammary glands Stool = Intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of urine can influence the reabsorption of drugs, particularly those that are weak acids or weak bases. When the urine pH is similar to the drug's pKa, the drug is more likely to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, leading to reduced excretion. Conversely, when the urine pH is different from the drug's pKa, the drug is more likely to be ionized and excreted in the urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recommended adult dose of paracetamol is 500mg.

Diclofenac sodium 50mg is taken 2-3 times daily; SR 100mg once daily.

Four key components of pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.

Process of drug being absorbed into the bloodstream from the administration site.

Transport of the drug throughout the body to sites of action in tissues and cells.

Biotransformation of drugs into soluble forms for easier elimination.

The elimination of drugs from the body through relevant tissues.

Main method used by drugs to cross cell membranes, driven by concentration gradient.

A pharmacokinetic measure indicating how a drug distributes throughout the body relative to blood plasma volume.

Some tissues, like adipose and bone, can store drugs, affecting their efficacy and duration.

Cellular structures that prevent passive movement of substances between cells, important in CNS and placenta.

The chemical transformation of drugs in the body, which can convert active drugs to inactive or other active forms.

The process of removing a drug from the body, primarily through metabolism and excretion.

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.

The four key components of pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.

The process of how a drug enters the bloodstream after administration.

How the drug disperses throughout the body after entering the bloodstream.

The biochemical process of converting drugs into active or inactive forms.

The process through which drugs are eliminated from the body, primarily via urine or feces.

The range of drug concentration in the plasma that produces the desired effect without toxicity.

Loading dose is a higher initial dose to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels; maintenance dose is the regular dose sustaining those levels.

Drug administration via the gastrointestinal tract.

Drug administration by injection, bypassing the GI tract.

The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream.

Various factors affecting how well a drug is absorbed.

Metabolism of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation.

Movement of drugs throughout the body after absorption.

Elements that influence how drugs are distributed in the body.

Ability of a drug to dissolve, affecting absorption.

The process by which the body breaks down drugs, primarily in the liver.

The proportion of a drug that enters circulation when introduced into the body and is available for use.

The process of eliminating drugs from the body, either unchanged or as metabolites.

Removal of drugs from the body through the kidneys, primarily via urine.

The pH at which half of a drug is ionized, affecting its solubility and excretion.

Urine pH can influence the extent of drug reabsorption and excretion.

Drugs smaller than 300 Daltons are easily excreted in urine.

The affinity of a drug molecule for lipid environments.

The process by which a drug becomes charged or uncharged, affecting solubility.

Movement of molecules across cell membranes via a carrier, along the concentration gradient.

Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient requiring energy.

Process where small, water-soluble drugs pass through aqueous channels in membranes.

Situation where different substances compete for the same transport carrier.