Pharmacokinetics Overview
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Pharmacokinetics Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of drug concentration on absorption?

  • More concentrated solutions are absorbed more slowly.
  • More concentrated solutions are absorbed faster than diluted ones. (correct)
  • Diluted solutions absorb faster than concentrated solutions.
  • Concentration has no effect on absorption.

    • Which dosage form is likely to be absorbed the fastest?

  • Solution (correct)
  • Tablet
  • Capsule
  • Granule

    • Which route of administration has no absorption process?

  • IV (correct)
  • Sublingual
  • IM
  • Oral

    • Which type of administration allows drugs to undergo alterations before reaching the action site?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT significantly influence the absorption of drugs?

    <p>Chemical structure of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bioavailability represent in pharmacology?

    <p>The fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in its active form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for measuring bioavailability?

    <p>Area Under the Curve (AUC) calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect bioavailability?

    <p>Time of day when the drug is taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by absolute bioavailability?

    <p>A measure comparing the bioavailability of non-intravenous routes to that of intravenous administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of intravenous (IV) administration?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The fate of drugs in the organism as a function of time and dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes occurs after drug liberation?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absorption defined as in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The process of a substance entering the blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the transformation of compounds into metabolites?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distribution phase involve?

    <p>Dispersion of substances throughout the body's fluids and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about liberation is correct?

    <p>Liberation involves separating the drug from its formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excretion in the context of pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The elimination of substances from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dosage forms do not undergo the liberation process?

    <p>Solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of the parenteral route of administration compared to the oral route?

    <p>Requires a qualified person for administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about oral administration is NOT true?

    <p>It is the most predictable route of administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor promotes better absorption of drugs taken orally?

    <p>Presence of non-ionised molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be administered sublingually for effective results?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of using a topical route for drug administration?

    <p>Damaged skin facilitates easier absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these routes involves the least absorption modification from external factors?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bioavailability primarily represent in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The percentage of drug that reaches systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology that studies how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted within the body.
    • The fate of the drug within the organism is determined by time and dose.
    • Liberation is the process of the drug being released from the formulation.
    • Liberation ends with the drug dissolving, making it ready to be absorbed.
    • All dosage forms, except those administered as a solution, undergo liberation.
    • Absorption involves the drug entering the bloodstream from the administration site.
    • Drugs must cross biological membranes. Absorption is affected by solubility, concentration, absorption surface area, blood flow at the absorption surface, and administration route.
    • Absorption is affected by the Concentration of a drug: A concentrated solution is absorbed faster than a diluted solution.
    • Absorption is affected by the Dosage form: Liquid forms are absorbed faster than solid forms, smaller particles are absorbed more easily.
    • IV drugs skip the absorption process, while oral and other routes have varying rates.
    • IV > IM > Oral are the fastest to slowest routes of administration.
    • IV is the only route that is IMMEDIATE (no prior process), while other routes are MEDIATE, requiring traversal of skin or mucous membranes.
    • Topical administration’s systemic absorption depends on drug lipophility.
    • Bioavailability refers to the amount of a drug that enters the bloodstream in its active form.
    • Bioavailability for IV is 100%, while other routes have lower bioavailability.
    • The absolute bioavailability compares the bioavailability of non-IV routes to IV administration.
    • AUC is a measure of the total amount of drug in plasma after IV or extravascular administration. It is used to determine drug bioavailability.
    • IV administration has a bioavailability of 1, while other routes have lower bioavailability.
    • Bioavailability is influenced by various factors, including age, sex, genetic predisposition, and the presence of diseases.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of pharmacokinetics, including drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Learn how factors like dosage form and concentration affect the pharmacokinetic processes in the body. Test your knowledge on how drugs interact within biological systems.

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