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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for exaggerated drug effects in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the primary reason for exaggerated drug effects in pediatric and aged patients?
- Increased receptor sensitivity
- Increased amount of available drug (correct)
- Increased volume of distribution
- Decreased post-receptor effects
What is the term for the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body?
What is the term for the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body?
- Pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics (correct)
- Pharmacotherapeutics
What is the result of decreased clearance in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the result of decreased clearance in pediatric and aged patients?
- Prolonged elimination half-time (correct)
- Decreased elimination half-time
- Increased receptor sensitivity
- Increased post-receptor effects
What is the term for the process by which the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs?
What is the term for the process by which the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs?
What is the effect of increased volume of distribution in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the effect of increased volume of distribution in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body's receptors?
What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body's receptors?
What is the result of increased amount of available drug in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the result of increased amount of available drug in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the term for the process by which the body metabolizes drugs?
What is the term for the process by which the body metabolizes drugs?
What is the effect of decreased receptor sensitivity in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the effect of decreased receptor sensitivity in pediatric and aged patients?
What is the term for the process by which the body excretes drugs?
What is the term for the process by which the body excretes drugs?
What is the percentage of total body water in a premature infant?
What is the percentage of total body water in a premature infant?
Why do anesthetics last longer in hypothermic patients?
Why do anesthetics last longer in hypothermic patients?
What is the main difference in skeletal muscle mass between infants and adults?
What is the main difference in skeletal muscle mass between infants and adults?
What is the main difference in the volume of distribution of water-soluble drugs between neonates and adults?
What is the main difference in the volume of distribution of water-soluble drugs between neonates and adults?
What is the main reason for lowered anesthetic requirements in neonates?
What is the main reason for lowered anesthetic requirements in neonates?
What is the effect of decreased protein binding in infants on pharmacologic effect?
What is the effect of decreased protein binding in infants on pharmacologic effect?
What is the main difference in the blood-brain barrier between neonates and adults?
What is the main difference in the blood-brain barrier between neonates and adults?
What is the effect of immature liver and kidneys on pharmacokinetics in neonates?
What is the effect of immature liver and kidneys on pharmacokinetics in neonates?
What is the percentage of adult GFR in neonates?
What is the percentage of adult GFR in neonates?
Why do neonates have a higher sensitivity to the effects of morphine and thiopental?
Why do neonates have a higher sensitivity to the effects of morphine and thiopental?
What is the primary reason for incomplete glomerular development in children?
What is the primary reason for incomplete glomerular development in children?
What happens to conjugation in neonates during the first three weeks of life?
What happens to conjugation in neonates during the first three weeks of life?
Why do children between 5-15 years old require higher doses of IV drugs for induction of anesthesia?
Why do children between 5-15 years old require higher doses of IV drugs for induction of anesthesia?
What is the reason for the higher incidence of bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest during induction of inhalation anesthesia in infants and children?
What is the reason for the higher incidence of bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest during induction of inhalation anesthesia in infants and children?
Why do neonates have a decreased ability to vasoconstrict in response to hemorrhage?
Why do neonates have a decreased ability to vasoconstrict in response to hemorrhage?
What is the primary reason for the increased oxygen consumption in infants?
What is the primary reason for the increased oxygen consumption in infants?
What is the effect of increased cardiac output on the equilibration of alveolar to inspired anesthetic partial pressures in infants?
What is the effect of increased cardiac output on the equilibration of alveolar to inspired anesthetic partial pressures in infants?
What is the primary reason for the faster circulation times in infants for delivering and removing drugs to and from the site of action?
What is the primary reason for the faster circulation times in infants for delivering and removing drugs to and from the site of action?
What is the characteristic of the P450 system in children under 2 years old?
What is the characteristic of the P450 system in children under 2 years old?
What is the effect of the increased alveolar ventilation in infants on the uptake of inhalation anesthetics?
What is the effect of the increased alveolar ventilation in infants on the uptake of inhalation anesthetics?
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