Pharmacokinetics in Pediatrics

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for increased drug absorption in children compared to adults?

  • Higher rate of perfusion
  • Greater degree of skin hydration
  • Larger surface area per unit of mass
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the recommended treatment for correcting hypo- and hyperkalemia?

  • Use 0.9% NS or LR
  • Correct slowly
  • Administer IV bolus 10-20mL/kg
  • Correct quickly (correct)

At what age do infants typically develop significant stomach acid?

  • 3-4 months
  • 6-8 months (correct)
  • 1-2 years
  • 10-12 months

What is the most common pathogen responsible for UTI in infants?

<p>E. coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patient groups is at the greatest risk of severe complications from chicken pox?

<p>Immunocompromised individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of neonates and infants compared to older children and adults?

<p>Higher percent body water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule for determining choking hazards in children?

<p>If an item is small enough to slide through the center of a paper towel or toilet paper roll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for flank pain in an infant with UTI?

<p>24 hours of IV antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of dehydration in children?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended oral medication for UTI in infants?

<p>Amox, Amox/Clav, Oral Ceph, Bactrim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are premature newborns more susceptible to the effects of drugs?

<p>They have slower drug elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficacy of the varicella vaccine in preventing infection after two doses?

<p>86%-90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that is a common cause of dehydration in children?

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

<p>Acetaminophen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medication used to treat croup in patients with airway obstruction?

<p>Racemic epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT a common cause of meningitis in infants younger than 2 months?

<p>H. flu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic regimen for treating meningitis in infants older than 2 months and children?

<p>Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering dexamethasone in the treatment of meningitis?

<p>To reduce inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended chemoprophylaxis for meningitis?

<p>Rifampin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of croup?

<p>Viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>To prevent structural damage to the mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

<p>Atopic triad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Montelukast in the treatment of asthma?

<p>To reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional approach to treating Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Step-up therapy with the lowest toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

<p>Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using thiopurine immunomodulators in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease in the acute phase?

<p>Aspirin 80-120 mg/kg/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated in children younger than 13 years of age?

<p>Codeine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for cough and colds in children?

<p>To provide symptomatic relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the FDA mandate that medications not be given to children under the age of 4 years?

<p>Due to the lack of scientific data to support their use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease if two doses of IVIG have failed?

<p>IV CS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the tongue in Kawasaki Disease?

<p>Strawberry tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for meningitis?

<p>Ceftriaxone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for administering folic acid to pregnant women?

<p>To prevent neural tube defects in the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ampicillin commonly used to treat newborns?

<p>Because it is effective against Group B Streptococcus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for giving Tdap vaccination to pregnant women?

<p>To protect the newborn from Pertussis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of administering IM betamethasone to mothers in labor?

<p>It helps mature the baby's lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of neonatal distress?

<p>Respiratory distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for testing for Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women?

<p>To reduce the transmission of Group B Streptococcus from mother to baby (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calorie content per ounce of breastmilk and formula?

<p>20 calories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the additives thought to be beneficial in brain development in infant formula?

<p>Decogexanoic acid and arachidonic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with suspected meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of dexamethasone?

<p>Adjuvant therapy to antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of oral extemporaneous preparations in pediatric medication?

<p>They have limitations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increased vulnerability of children to medication errors?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of dexamethasone for croup?

<p>0.6mg/kg (max 16mg) single dose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with meningitis, what is the recommended antibiotic regimen for infants older than 2 months and children?

<p>Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ABCs in pediatric assessment?

<p>They are the parameters to assess the overall health of a child (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in croup?

<p>Viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the error that occurred with the Quaid twins, resulting in a medication overdose?

<p>1000x overdose of heparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

<p>Acetaminophen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of rifampin?

<p>For chemoprophylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which surfactant helps premature babies oxygenate better?

<p>Lowers the surface tension on the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using terbutaline in obstetrics?

<p>To prolong labor for 2-7 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing APGAR scores in newborns?

<p>To measure the effectiveness of neonatal resuscitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a patent ductus arteriosus on the neonate?

<p>Left-to-right shunting of blood into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medication used to close a patent ductus arteriosus?

<p>Indomethacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding Montelukast in patients with asthma?

<p>History of neuropsychiatric disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic age range for peaks in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>10-20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

<p>Atopic triad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>To quickly heal mucosa to prevent structural damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line therapy for asthma exacerbations?

<p>Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

<p>Emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, wet-wrap therapy, antihistamines, antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Related Documents

PedsExam(short).docx

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser