Pharmacokinetics in Pediatrics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for increased drug absorption in children compared to adults?

  • Higher rate of perfusion
  • Greater degree of skin hydration
  • Larger surface area per unit of mass
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the recommended treatment for correcting hypo- and hyperkalemia?

  • Use 0.9% NS or LR
  • Correct slowly
  • Administer IV bolus 10-20mL/kg
  • Correct quickly (correct)

    • At what age do infants typically develop significant stomach acid?

  • 3-4 months
  • 6-8 months (correct)
  • 1-2 years
  • 10-12 months

    • What is the most common pathogen responsible for UTI in infants?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patient groups is at the greatest risk of severe complications from chicken pox?

    <p>Immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of neonates and infants compared to older children and adults?

    <p>Higher percent body water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for determining choking hazards in children?

    <p>If an item is small enough to slide through the center of a paper towel or toilet paper roll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for flank pain in an infant with UTI?

    <p>24 hours of IV antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of dehydration in children?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended oral medication for UTI in infants?

    <p>Amox, Amox/Clav, Oral Ceph, Bactrim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are premature newborns more susceptible to the effects of drugs?

    <p>They have slower drug elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficacy of the varicella vaccine in preventing infection after two doses?

    <p>86%-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that is a common cause of dehydration in children?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medication used to treat croup in patients with airway obstruction?

    <p>Racemic epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is NOT a common cause of meningitis in infants younger than 2 months?

    <p>H. flu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended antibiotic regimen for treating meningitis in infants older than 2 months and children?

    <p>Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering dexamethasone in the treatment of meningitis?

    <p>To reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended chemoprophylaxis for meningitis?

    <p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of croup?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>To prevent structural damage to the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

    <p>Atopic triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Montelukast in the treatment of asthma?

    <p>To reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional approach to treating Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Step-up therapy with the lowest toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern when using thiopurine immunomodulators in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease in the acute phase?

    <p>Aspirin 80-120 mg/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in children younger than 13 years of age?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for cough and colds in children?

    <p>To provide symptomatic relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the FDA mandate that medications not be given to children under the age of 4 years?

    <p>Due to the lack of scientific data to support their use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease if two doses of IVIG have failed?

    <p>IV CS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the tongue in Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>Strawberry tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended medication for meningitis?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for administering folic acid to pregnant women?

    <p>To prevent neural tube defects in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Ampicillin commonly used to treat newborns?

    <p>Because it is effective against Group B Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for giving Tdap vaccination to pregnant women?

    <p>To protect the newborn from Pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of administering IM betamethasone to mothers in labor?

    <p>It helps mature the baby's lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of neonatal distress?

    <p>Respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for testing for Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women?

    <p>To reduce the transmission of Group B Streptococcus from mother to baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calorie content per ounce of breastmilk and formula?

    <p>20 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the additives thought to be beneficial in brain development in infant formula?

    <p>Decogexanoic acid and arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with suspected meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of dexamethasone?

    <p>Adjuvant therapy to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of oral extemporaneous preparations in pediatric medication?

    <p>They have limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the increased vulnerability of children to medication errors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of dexamethasone for croup?

    <p>0.6mg/kg (max 16mg) single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with meningitis, what is the recommended antibiotic regimen for infants older than 2 months and children?

    <p>Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ABCs in pediatric assessment?

    <p>They are the parameters to assess the overall health of a child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in croup?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the error that occurred with the Quaid twins, resulting in a medication overdose?

    <p>1000x overdose of heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of rifampin?

    <p>For chemoprophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which surfactant helps premature babies oxygenate better?

    <p>Lowers the surface tension on the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using terbutaline in obstetrics?

    <p>To prolong labor for 2-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing APGAR scores in newborns?

    <p>To measure the effectiveness of neonatal resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of a patent ductus arteriosus on the neonate?

    <p>Left-to-right shunting of blood into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medication used to close a patent ductus arteriosus?

    <p>Indomethacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding Montelukast in patients with asthma?

    <p>History of neuropsychiatric disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic age range for peaks in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>10-20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

    <p>Atopic triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

    <p>To quickly heal mucosa to prevent structural damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line therapy for asthma exacerbations?

    <p>Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, wet-wrap therapy, antihistamines, antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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