Pharmacokinetics in Pediatrics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for increased drug absorption in children compared to adults?

  • Higher rate of perfusion
  • Greater degree of skin hydration
  • Larger surface area per unit of mass
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the recommended treatment for correcting hypo- and hyperkalemia?

  • Use 0.9% NS or LR
  • Correct slowly
  • Administer IV bolus 10-20mL/kg
  • Correct quickly (correct)

At what age do infants typically develop significant stomach acid?

  • 3-4 months
  • 6-8 months (correct)
  • 1-2 years
  • 10-12 months

What is the most common pathogen responsible for UTI in infants?

<p>E. coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patient groups is at the greatest risk of severe complications from chicken pox?

<p>Immunocompromised individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of neonates and infants compared to older children and adults?

<p>Higher percent body water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule for determining choking hazards in children?

<p>If an item is small enough to slide through the center of a paper towel or toilet paper roll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for flank pain in an infant with UTI?

<p>24 hours of IV antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of dehydration in children?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended oral medication for UTI in infants?

<p>Amox, Amox/Clav, Oral Ceph, Bactrim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are premature newborns more susceptible to the effects of drugs?

<p>They have slower drug elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficacy of the varicella vaccine in preventing infection after two doses?

<p>86%-90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that is a common cause of dehydration in children?

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

<p>Acetaminophen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medication used to treat croup in patients with airway obstruction?

<p>Racemic epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT a common cause of meningitis in infants younger than 2 months?

<p>H. flu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic regimen for treating meningitis in infants older than 2 months and children?

<p>Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering dexamethasone in the treatment of meningitis?

<p>To reduce inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended chemoprophylaxis for meningitis?

<p>Rifampin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of croup?

<p>Viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>To prevent structural damage to the mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

<p>Atopic triad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Montelukast in the treatment of asthma?

<p>To reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional approach to treating Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Step-up therapy with the lowest toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

<p>Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using thiopurine immunomodulators in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease in the acute phase?

<p>Aspirin 80-120 mg/kg/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated in children younger than 13 years of age?

<p>Codeine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for cough and colds in children?

<p>To provide symptomatic relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the FDA mandate that medications not be given to children under the age of 4 years?

<p>Due to the lack of scientific data to support their use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Kawasaki Disease if two doses of IVIG have failed?

<p>IV CS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the tongue in Kawasaki Disease?

<p>Strawberry tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for meningitis?

<p>Ceftriaxone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for administering folic acid to pregnant women?

<p>To prevent neural tube defects in the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ampicillin commonly used to treat newborns?

<p>Because it is effective against Group B Streptococcus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for giving Tdap vaccination to pregnant women?

<p>To protect the newborn from Pertussis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of administering IM betamethasone to mothers in labor?

<p>It helps mature the baby's lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of neonatal distress?

<p>Respiratory distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for testing for Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women?

<p>To reduce the transmission of Group B Streptococcus from mother to baby (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calorie content per ounce of breastmilk and formula?

<p>20 calories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the additives thought to be beneficial in brain development in infant formula?

<p>Decogexanoic acid and arachidonic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with suspected meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of dexamethasone?

<p>Adjuvant therapy to antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of oral extemporaneous preparations in pediatric medication?

<p>They have limitations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increased vulnerability of children to medication errors?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of dexamethasone for croup?

<p>0.6mg/kg (max 16mg) single dose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with meningitis, what is the recommended antibiotic regimen for infants older than 2 months and children?

<p>Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime +/- Vancomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ABCs in pediatric assessment?

<p>They are the parameters to assess the overall health of a child (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in croup?

<p>Viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the error that occurred with the Quaid twins, resulting in a medication overdose?

<p>1000x overdose of heparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended medication for treating fever and discomfort in patients with possible secondary infections?

<p>Acetaminophen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with meningitis, what is the primary indication for the use of rifampin?

<p>For chemoprophylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which surfactant helps premature babies oxygenate better?

<p>Lowers the surface tension on the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using terbutaline in obstetrics?

<p>To prolong labor for 2-7 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing APGAR scores in newborns?

<p>To measure the effectiveness of neonatal resuscitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a patent ductus arteriosus on the neonate?

<p>Left-to-right shunting of blood into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medication used to close a patent ductus arteriosus?

<p>Indomethacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding Montelukast in patients with asthma?

<p>History of neuropsychiatric disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic age range for peaks in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>10-20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern when using biologics in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma or food allergies?

<p>Atopic triad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'top-down' therapy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?

<p>To quickly heal mucosa to prevent structural damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line therapy for asthma exacerbations?

<p>Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard therapy for Atopic dermatitis?

<p>Emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, wet-wrap therapy, antihistamines, antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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