NURS 3210 Module 1 ALG

An increase in free or unbound drug, leading to unpredictable drug responses or drug-drug interactions.

Blood flow plays a crucial role in the distribution stage of pharmacokinetics as it determines the rate at which a drug is delivered to different organs. Areas with high blood flow such as the liver, heart, and kidneys receive the drug quickly, whereas areas with low blood flow like skin and fat receive it slowly.

The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug in the body.

<p>The presence of food in the GI tract can slow down or accelerate the absorption of drugs, depending on the type of food and drug. For example, taking a drug with a fatty meal can enhance its absorption by increasing the solubility of the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptors provide specific binding sites for drugs, and the drug's molecular structure determines its interaction with these sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacodynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism stage of pharmacokinetics by breaking down the drug molecule. Enzyme inducers increase the activity of enzymes, leading to faster drug metabolism, while enzyme inhibitors decrease enzyme activity, resulting in slower drug metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver function plays a critical role in the excretion stage of pharmacokinetics as it is responsible for metabolizing and eliminating drugs. Impaired liver function can lead to decreased drug excretion, resulting in increased drug concentrations in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drug-drug interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs are distributed rapidly to areas with high blood flow such as the liver, heart, and kidneys, whereas distribution to areas with low blood flow like skin and fat is slower. This is due to the variation in blood flow rates and vascular permeability in different organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding toxicity by adjusting dosages based on weight rather than age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polypharmacy, or the practice of prescribing multiple medications, leading to potential adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased GI tract emptying/motility impacts the rate/extent of drug absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliable nursing drug guides, pharmacists, or scholarly/peer-reviewed apps or websites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alterations in pharmacokinetic processes due to continuing development of body systems in the first decade of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow acetylation results in elevated drug concentrations, which may warrant lower drug dosages to prevent adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient may be a poor metabolizer, unable to convert the prodrug into its active form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CYP450 enzyme system affects the ability to metabolize drugs, which can impact plasma drug levels and the intensity of drug response, leading to varying drug responses at different doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid acetylators may metabolize drugs more quickly, leading to subtherapeutic drug concentrations and potentially requiring higher drug dosages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetics in drug response, which aims to understand how genetic variations affect an individual's response to different drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism. It is significant because genetic factors can affect the metabolism of drugs, leading to variations in drug response and efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic factors can affect the response to antihypertensive drugs, with some individuals, such as Black patients, responding differently to these drugs compared to White patients. This highlights the importance of including diverse ethnic groups in clinical trials to ensure that drugs are effective and safe for all populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymorphism refers to the variation in response to a drug due to individual differences in age, sex, size, and/or body composition. This variation can impact drug development and response, as it may affect the efficacy and safety of drugs in different populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow acetylators may require different dosages or experience adverse reactions due to their genetic variation. This highlights the importance of including diverse populations in clinical trials to ensure that drugs are effective and safe for all individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetics in drug response. It helps to identify genetic variations that affect drug response, ensuring that drugs are developed to be effective and safe for all populations. This understanding can impact clinical trials and drug development by identifying subgroups of patients who may require different dosages or experience adverse reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half-life is the time required for half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%. It is a measure of how quickly a drug is eliminated from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steady state is the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose. It is achieved through a regular dosing schedule, where the rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic medications are highly water-soluble and have a smaller volume of distribution, resulting in high blood concentrations. Lipophilic medications, on the other hand, have a larger volume of distribution and lower blood concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug A with a half-life of 30 minutes would take approximately 2.50 hours to clear, Drug B with a half-life of 8 hours would take approximately 1.67 days to clear, and Drug C with a half-life of 3 days would take approximately 15 days to clear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>125mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased absorption of the medication, leading to decreased therapeutic response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competing protein-binding sites increase the levels of free (unbound) medications, potentially leading to increased actions and adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacokinetics focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, which can be affected by interactions with other drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug-drug interaction, potentially leading to adverse effects or decreased therapeutic response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids bind to levofloxacin, preventing adequate absorption, leading to decreased therapeutic response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased metabolism of cyclosporine, potentially leading to toxic levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probenecid inhibits the secretion of amoxicillin into the kidneys, leading to elevated and prolonged plasma levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Patient, Right Documentation, Right Reason; they most often occur during the administration phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Patient, Right Documentation, Right Reason; they ensure accurate and safe medication administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The video focuses on the nursing process, specifically the administration phase, and its relation to medication administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers