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In the two-compartment open model, which compartment is supposed to contain slowly equilibrating tissues?
In the two-compartment open model, which compartment is supposed to contain slowly equilibrating tissues?
What is the determining factor for the categorization of the two-compartment model?
What is the determining factor for the categorization of the two-compartment model?
Which type of two-compartment model assumes drug elimination from the central compartment?
Which type of two-compartment model assumes drug elimination from the central compartment?
What characterizes the decline in plasma concentration in the two-compartment model after an intravenous injection?
What characterizes the decline in plasma concentration in the two-compartment model after an intravenous injection?
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In the two-compartment model, where does the drug require some length of time for equilibration?
In the two-compartment model, where does the drug require some length of time for equilibration?
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Which tissues are considered highly perfused in the two-compartment model?
Which tissues are considered highly perfused in the two-compartment model?
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What state is achieved between the central compartment and the more poorly perfused tissue compartment after some time?
What state is achieved between the central compartment and the more poorly perfused tissue compartment after some time?
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Which compartment in the two-compartment model assumes the rest of the organ in the tissue compartment?
Which compartment in the two-compartment model assumes the rest of the organ in the tissue compartment?
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What does the rapid decline in the two-compartment model result from?
What does the rapid decline in the two-compartment model result from?
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What is the state of equilibrium achieved between the central compartment and the more slowly perfused tissues in the two-compartment model?
What is the state of equilibrium achieved between the central compartment and the more slowly perfused tissues in the two-compartment model?
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Which model assumes no drug in the tissue compartment at time $t=0$?
Which model assumes no drug in the tissue compartment at time $t=0$?
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What is the sum of the apparent volume of distribution ($V$), Vi, and Vt in the two-compartment model?
What is the sum of the apparent volume of distribution ($V$), Vi, and Vt in the two-compartment model?
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What can inaccurate prediction of target organ location in Vi or Vt lead to?
What can inaccurate prediction of target organ location in Vi or Vt lead to?
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What is an example of a drug that follows the principle of two-compartment modeling?
What is an example of a drug that follows the principle of two-compartment modeling?
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What may be missed if blood is sampled too late after drug administration in the two-compartment model?
What may be missed if blood is sampled too late after drug administration in the two-compartment model?
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What type of rate constants are involved in the two-compartment model for drug transfer between central and peripheral compartments?
What type of rate constants are involved in the two-compartment model for drug transfer between central and peripheral compartments?
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What should loading doses of drugs account for in the two-compartment model?
What should loading doses of drugs account for in the two-compartment model?
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What can slow drug distribution into the tissue compartment pose problems in?
What can slow drug distribution into the tissue compartment pose problems in?
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What are guidelines for rates of drug administration often based on in the context of two-compartment modeling?
What are guidelines for rates of drug administration often based on in the context of two-compartment modeling?
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What cannot be used to predict drug effects if obtained before complete distribution in the two-compartment model?
What cannot be used to predict drug effects if obtained before complete distribution in the two-compartment model?
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In the two-compartment model, which phase represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt?
In the two-compartment model, which phase represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt?
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What characterizes drugs that behave in a way referred to as 'non-significant two compartment drugs'?
What characterizes drugs that behave in a way referred to as 'non-significant two compartment drugs'?
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What can increased drug plasma concentrations during the alpha phase lead to for drugs with 'non-significant' two compartment modeling?
What can increased drug plasma concentrations during the alpha phase lead to for drugs with 'non-significant' two compartment modeling?
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For drugs that exhibit significant drug elimination in the alpha phase, what can be expected in terms of actual trough concentrations compared to those predicted by a one-compartment model?
For drugs that exhibit significant drug elimination in the alpha phase, what can be expected in terms of actual trough concentrations compared to those predicted by a one-compartment model?
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What is the consequence of obtaining samples in the distribution phase for drugs with 'significant' two compartment modeling?
What is the consequence of obtaining samples in the distribution phase for drugs with 'significant' two compartment modeling?
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In the context of two-compartment modeling, what does Vi represent?
In the context of two-compartment modeling, what does Vi represent?
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What is the term used for drugs that border on having significant two compartment modeling?
What is the term used for drugs that border on having significant two compartment modeling?
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When can drugs be successfully modeled as one-compartment drugs?
When can drugs be successfully modeled as one-compartment drugs?
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What is the term used for drugs that exhibit 'nonsignificant' two compartment modeling only after equilibrium with the deep tissue compartment is complete?
What is the term used for drugs that exhibit 'nonsignificant' two compartment modeling only after equilibrium with the deep tissue compartment is complete?
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What represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt in the two-compartment model?
What represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt in the two-compartment model?
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For drugs with significant two-compartment modeling, when are plasma samples obtained for pharmacokinetic modeling?
For drugs with significant two-compartment modeling, when are plasma samples obtained for pharmacokinetic modeling?
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Which drugs are generally referred to as non-significant two-compartment drugs?
Which drugs are generally referred to as non-significant two-compartment drugs?
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In the context of drug modeling, what does it mean if a drug can be successfully modeled as a one-compartment drug?
In the context of drug modeling, what does it mean if a drug can be successfully modeled as a one-compartment drug?
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What happens if plasma samples are obtained during the distribution phase for drugs with significant two-compartment modeling?
What happens if plasma samples are obtained during the distribution phase for drugs with significant two-compartment modeling?
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What is the significance of increased drug plasma concs during the alpha phase for non-significant two-compartment drugs?
What is the significance of increased drug plasma concs during the alpha phase for non-significant two-compartment drugs?
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What represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt for most drugs?
What represents the distribution of drug from Vi into Vt for most drugs?
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When can drugs be considered to exhibit non-significant two-compartment modeling only?
When can drugs be considered to exhibit non-significant two-compartment modeling only?
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What occurs for drugs that border on having significant two-compartment modeling?
What occurs for drugs that border on having significant two-compartment modeling?
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What is the consequence of using a one-compartment model for drugs that exhibit significant drug elimination in the alpha phase?
What is the consequence of using a one-compartment model for drugs that exhibit significant drug elimination in the alpha phase?
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When are two-compartment computer models available for therapeutic drug monitoring?
When are two-compartment computer models available for therapeutic drug monitoring?
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Study Notes
Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Two-Compartment Pharmacokinetics
- Drug elimination from the body involves a slower rate process after equilibrium is established
- Two-compartment model assumes no drug in the tissue compartment at time t = 0
- Tissue drug level peaks and then declines as the concentration gradient between compartments narrows
- Distribution phase may be missed if blood is sampled too late after drug administration
- Two-compartment model involves first order rate constants for drug transfer between central and peripheral compartments
- The apparent volume of distribution (V) is the sum of Vi and Vt
- Loading doses of drugs should be given slowly to account for drug distribution into tissue compartment
- Inaccurate prediction of target organ location in Vi or Vt can lead to therapeutic or toxic effects
- Guidelines for rates of drug administration are often based on clinical response receptors
- Potassium is an example of a drug that follows the principle of two-compartment modeling
- Plasma samples obtained before complete distribution cannot be used to predict drug effects
- Slow drug distribution into the tissue compartment can pose problems in accurate interpretation of drug concentrations
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Description
Test your understanding of pharmacokinetic modeling and two-compartment pharmacokinetics with this quiz. Explore concepts such as drug distribution, tissue compartment dynamics, rate constants, volume of distribution, and clinical implications.
