One Compartment Model Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the disposition of the drug in the one compartment open model?

  • Monoexponential disposition with an exponential plot of log concentration against time
  • Biexponential disposition with an exponential plot of log concentration against time
  • Monoexponential disposition with a linear plot of log concentration against time (correct)
  • Biexponential disposition with a linear plot of log concentration against time

What is the equation representing the steady-state of constant intravenous infusion in the one compartment open model?

  • $Ke + XSS = K0$
  • $Ke \div XSS = K0$
  • $Ke \times XSS = K0$ (correct)
  • $Ke - XSS = K0$

What does the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug indicate in the one compartment open model?

  • It only depends on the drug's molecular weight
  • It may be altered in certain pathological conditions or changes in body composition (correct)
  • It is constant and not altered under any conditions
  • It represents the total body water volume

What does constant intravenous infusion lead to in the one compartment open model?

<p>The drug accumulating to reach a steady-state level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rapid intravenous injection result in according to the one compartment open model?

<p>The entire dose of the drug entering the body immediately, distributing rapidly to all tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the time course of a drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>Dependent on initial concentration and elimination rate constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows first-order kinetics in terms of elimination rate in the one compartment open model?

<p>Rate of elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a one compartment model, what does 'homogenous' mean?

<p>Equilibrium between plasma and various tissues and fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the one compartment open model assume about drug concentration in plasma and other body tissues?

<p>Proportional changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the one compartment open model?

<p>Unidirectional absorption and elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a compartment in the context of pharmacokinetics?

<p>A tissue or group of tissues with similar blood flow and drug affinity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'open' signify in the one compartment open model?

<p>'Unidirectional' absorption and elimination of drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the one compartment open model assume about changes in plasma levels of a drug?

<p>'Proportional' changes in tissue drug levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation representing the steady-state of constant intravenous infusion in the one compartment open model?

<p>$Ke \times XSS = K0$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug indicate in the one compartment open model?

<p>It indicates how extensively the drug is distributed in body tissues relative to the blood plasma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constant intravenous infusion lead to in the one compartment open model?

<p>It leads to the drug accumulating to reach a steady-state level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the disposition of the drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>Monoexponential disposition with a linear plot of log concentration against time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rapid intravenous injection result in according to the one compartment open model?

<p>Immediate distribution of the entire dose to all tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows first-order kinetics in terms of elimination rate in the one compartment open model?

<p>The elimination rate constant - clearance - elimination half life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constant intravenous infusion involve in terms of input and reaching steady state?

<p>Zero-order input with gradual attainment of steady state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'homogenous' mean in a one compartment model?

<p>Equal concentrations throughout all body tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily dependent on reaching steady-state drug concentration in terms of time?

<p>The elimination half-life and clearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies 'open' in the one compartment open model?

<p>Continuous influx and efflux of drug from tissues into plasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homogenous' mean in the context of the one compartment open model?

<p>Equilibrium between plasma and various tissues and fluids in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes the disposition of a drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>Changes in plasma levels of a drug reflect proportional changes in tissue drug levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the time course of a drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>Unidirectional absorption and elimination of the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of elimination rate, what follows first-order kinetics in the one compartment open model?

<p>$C = C_0 e^{-kt}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constant intravenous infusion lead to in the one compartment open model?

<p>$C_{ss} = \frac{Dose}{Cl \cdot \tau}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rapid intravenous injection result in according to the one compartment open model?

<p>Immediate distribution equilibrium followed by elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug indicate in the one compartment open model?

<p>Extent of drug distribution throughout the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a compartment in the context of pharmacokinetics?

<p>A tissue or group of tissues with similar blood flow and drug affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by 'ka' and 'ke' in the context of pharmacokinetics?

<p>Rate constants for absorption and elimination processes, respectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the elimination phase in the one compartment open model?

<p>First-order kinetics, elimination rate constant, elimination half-life, and clearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plot represents the disposition of a drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>Monoexponential with a linear plot of log concentration against time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about constant intravenous infusion is true?

<p>Ke * CSS = K0 represents the steady state in constant intravenous infusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily dependent on the time required to reach steady-state drug concentration in constant intravenous infusion?

<p>Elimination half-life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the infusion rate is increased in constant intravenous infusion?

<p>A higher steady-state level is obtained without changing the time needed to reach steady state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does zero-order input involve in constant intravenous infusion?

<p>The amount of drug in the body increasing gradually until it reaches a steady state or plateau. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constant intravenous infusion lead to at steady state?

<p>The rate of change of the drug amount in the body being zero. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation representing the steady-state of constant intravenous infusion in the one compartment open model?

<p>$C_{ss} = \frac{D}{Cl}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the disposition of the drug in the one compartment open model?

<p>First-order elimination kinetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rapid intravenous injection result in according to the one compartment open model?

<p>Immediate attainment of steady-state concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows first-order kinetics in terms of elimination rate in the one compartment open model?

<p>Dose-independent elimination process from plasma and tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Disposition in One Compartment Model

Monoexponential decline; log concentration vs. time is linear.

Steady-State Equation (IV Infusion)

Elimination Rate constant times steady-state concentration equals infusion rate.

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Extent of drug distribution in body tissues; may be altered by conditions.

Constant IV Infusion Result

Drug accumulates until input equals output, reaching a plateau.

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Rapid IV Injection Result

Entire drug dose enters the body immediately and distributes rapidly.

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Time Course of a Drug

Dependent on how much you start with and how quickly the drug is removed.

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First-Order Kinetics (Elimination)

The rate of elimination of drug, not a fixed amount.

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Homogenous (One-Compartment)

Plasma concentrations are in equilibrium with tissues

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One-Compartment Assumption

Changes in plasma drug levels reflect proportional changes in tissue levels.

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Key Characteristic

Drug enters the body (absorption) and is removed (elimination).

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Compartment Definition

Tissues with similar blood flow

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Meaning of 'Open'

Unidirectional absorption and elimination

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First-Order Kinetics

Rate of elimination, clearance, and elimination half life.

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Constant IV Infusion

The drug amount in the body increases slowly and plateaus.

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Homogenous (one compartment)

All body tissues have equal concentrations of the drug.

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Time to Reach Steady-State

Elimination half-life and clearance

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Significance of 'open'

Influx and efflux of drug from tissues into plasma.

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Disposition

Changes in plasma levels reflect proportional changes in tissue drug levels.

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Time Course

Drugs can enter and exit the body in one direction.

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First-Order Kinetics Equation

C=C0e^{-kt}

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Constant intravenous infusion

Css=Dose/Cl*tau

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Rapid Intravenous injection

Equilibrium before elimination

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Volume of distribution

Drug distributed to tissues

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Compartment

Blood flow and affinity

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ka and ke

Absorption and elimination rates

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Elimination phase

First-order kinetics

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Drug disposition

Monoexponential relationship

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Constant intravenous infusion equation

Steady state during infusion

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first order kinetics

Rate of elimination

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Drug disposition

Linear plot of drug

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Study Notes

One Compartment Open Model and Constant Intravenous Infusion

  • The one compartment open model describes how a drug distributes in the body and is eliminated, with all accessible sites having the same distribution kinetics.
  • The time course of a drug in this model depends on the initial concentration and elimination rate constant.
  • Rapid intravenous injection results in the entire dose of the drug entering the body immediately, distributing rapidly to all tissues.
  • The rate of elimination follows first-order kinetics, with the elimination rate constant, elimination half-life, and clearance characterizing the elimination phase.
  • The disposition of the drug in this model is monoexponential, with a linear plot of log concentration against time.
  • The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug is constant, but may be altered in certain pathological conditions or changes in body composition.
  • Intravenous infusion at a zero-order rate offers advantages such as convenient administration, individualized regulation, and prevention of fluctuating blood levels.
  • Constant intravenous infusion leads to the drug accumulating to reach a steady-state level, where the rate of drug leaving and entering the body are the same.
  • The time required to reach steady-state drug concentration in the blood is primarily dependent on the elimination half-life.
  • The model for constant intravenous infusion involves zero-order input, with the amount of drug in the body increasing gradually until it reaches a steady state or plateau.
  • At the steady state, the rate of change of the drug amount in the body is zero, and the equation representing this state is Ke (elimination rate constant) multiplied by the steady-state concentration (XSS) equals the constant infusion rate (K0).
  • If the infusion rate is increased, a higher steady-state level is obtained, but the time needed to reach steady state remains the same.

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