Pharmacogenetics and Drug Response
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following ethical considerations is most directly addressed by the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act (GINA)?

  • Justice (correct)
  • Non-maleficence
  • Beneficence
  • Autonomy

    • What is a potential patient problem identified within the nursing process for pharmacogenetics?

  • Acute pain
  • Risk for infection
  • Impaired gas exchange
  • Anxiety (correct)

    • Which nursing intervention is specifically recommended for patients undergoing pharmacogenetics assessments?

  • Referring patients to genetic counseling (correct)
  • Administering prescribed medications
  • Educating patients about pain management
  • Monitoring vital signs

    • What is the primary focus when developing a plan of care for a patient undergoing pharmacogenetics testing?

    <p>Integrating patient preferences and family implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the assessment phase of pharmacogenetics, what is the main purpose of gathering family history information?

    <p>Identifying side effects or adverse effects to drug therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of severe diarrhea and neutropenia due to inability to eliminate the drug?

    <p>Irinotecan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with ALL, why does the FDA recommend genetic testing before administering mercaptopurine?

    <p>To understand how the drug will be metabolized and prevent serious side effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key ethical concern associated with pharmacogenetics?

    <p>The potential for discrimination based on genetic information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of patients who may benefit most from pharmacogenetic testing?

    <p>Individuals with a history of substance abuse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "pharmacogenetics" refer to?

    <p>How a patient's genetic makeup influences their response to medications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pharmacogenetics contribute to reducing overall healthcare costs?

    <p>By preventing costly hospital readmissions due to adverse drug reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the growing importance of pharmacogenetics in healthcare?

    <p>The growing awareness of the importance of personalized medicine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about pharmacogenetics testing is CORRECT?

    <p>Pharmacogenetic testing can help optimize drug selection and dosage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Genetic Information Ownership

    Concerns regarding who holds and controls genetic information.

    Autonomy in Genetic Testing

    Patient's right to consent to or refuse genetic testing and change their mind.

    2008 Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act

    Law that prohibits discrimination by insurance based on genetic information.

    Nursing Process in Pharmacogenetics

    Steps include assessment, diagnosis, planning, interventions, and evaluation for genetic implications in drug therapy.

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    Evaluation of Pharmacogenetic Interventions

    Assessing the effectiveness of genetic-based treatments on patient outcomes.

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    Pharmacogenetics

    Study of how patient's genomes affect drug responses.

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    Individualized Drug Treatment

    Customizing drug regimens based on genetic makeup.

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    Adverse Drug Reactions

    Negative effects from medication due to genetic variants.

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    Mercaptopurine Testing

    Genetic testing recommended before administering Mercaptopurine.

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    Warfarin Response

    Genetic factors can affect Warfarin clearance and dosing.

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    Irinotecan Risks

    Inability to eliminate Irinotecan can cause severe reactions.

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    Genetic Privacy Issues

    Concerns about who accesses genetic information of patients.

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    Precision Medicine Initiative

    Launched in 2015 to integrate genes, environment, and lifestyle in healthcare.

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    Study Notes

    Pharmacogenetics

    • Gregor Mendel (1865) was the first to explain dominant and recessive genes
    • James Watson and Francis Crick (1953) discovered DNA
    • Human Genome project (2003) completed mapping of genes in humans
    • Precision Medicine Initiative (2015) launched to expand treatment and prevention of diseases based on a person's genetics, environment and lifestyle
    • Drugs are not "one size fits all", drug prescribing is generally based on age, weight, gender, and liver/kidney function
    • 50% of patients stop taking medication due to side effects

    Study of a Patient's Genomes and Drug Response

    • Study of how a patient's genome affects drug response
    • Helps individualize optimal drug treatment regimens
    • Helps decrease drug reactions
    • Promotes drug regimen adherence
    • Reduces overall healthcare costs

    Clinical Uses of Pharmacogenetics

    • Patients who benefit most from pharmacogenetics:
      • Those taking multiple prescription drugs
      • Those not responding to current therapy
      • Those having adverse drug reactions
      • Those taking black box warning drugs
    • Pharmacogenetic testing is not available for all drugs
    • One single test doesn't determine how a patient will respond to all drugs

    Individual Variations in Drug Metabolism

    • Mercaptopurine: FDA recommends genetic testing before administration in patients with ALL due to interference in metabolism causing increased side effects and infection risk
    • Irinotecan: Inability to eliminate the drug leads to severe diarrhea/neutropenia and life-threatening infections
    • Abacavir: May develop fatal multiorgan hypersensitivity
    • Warfarin: Persons with specific genetic makeup may experience life-threatening bleeding due to decreased clearance, requiring adjusted dosing
    • Clopidogrel: May be at risk for clot formation due to inability to convert prodrug to active drug
    • Opioids: Decreased pain relief due to lack of drug-metabolizing enzyme
    • Mental Health Drugs: May have toxic drug reactions due to inability to metabolize the drug
    • Carbamazepine: Increased risk of developing Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
    • Privacy: Concerns about access to patient genetic information, ownership of genetic information, and potential "labeling" of patients
    • Autonomy: Patient consent for or refusal of genetic testing, potential for change of mind about testing
    • Justice: Equal and fair treatment for all
    • 2008 Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act prohibits insurance companies from requiring genetic testing to obtain health insurance, and from using genetic information to determine coverage and premiums

    Nursing Process: Pharmacogenetics

    • Assessment: Assess family history for three generations, determine side effects/adverse effects to drug therapy and identify patient problems
    • Planning: Integrate patient preferences and family implications into developing evidence-based care plans; refer identified patients to genetic counseling when needed; guide patients regarding implications/uses of genetic results, ensure patients report genetic findings to all healthcare providers.
    • Evaluation: Evaluate effectiveness of pharmacogenetic interventions and treatment on patient outcomes

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    Related Documents

    Pharmacogenetics Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating field of pharmacogenetics, which examines how a patient's genetic makeup influences their response to medications. This quiz delves into key milestones such as the Human Genome Project and the Precision Medicine Initiative, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing drug treatments and minimizing adverse effects.

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