17 Questions
What type of toxicity occurs when a normal cell undergoes irreversible changes due to mutation of cellular genes?
Initiation
What is the term for the uncontrolled growth of cells that can invade adjacent tissues or migrate to distant sites?
Malignant tumors
What is the term for the adverse toxic effects on the developing embryo or fetus?
Developmental toxicity
What is the result of the mutation of cellular genes that control normal cell functions?
Abnormal cell growth
What is the term for the cumulative damage to specific organ systems that takes many months or years to become a recognizable clinical disease?
Chronic toxicity
What is the stage of carcinogenicity where initiated cells are stimulated to progress to cancer?
Promotion
What is the term for the study of poisons?
Toxicology
What is the term for substances that are produced naturally and can cause adverse effects on other organisms?
Toxins
What is the primary mechanism by which systemic effects of toxic substances are produced?
Absorption and distribution of the toxicant from the entry point
According to the World Health Organization, which class of toxicity includes substances such as NSAIDs?
Class II
What is the term used to describe the interaction of two chemicals that produces an effect equal to the sum of the effects of each agent?
Additive effect
What is the term for the degree to which a substance is poisonous or can cause injury?
Toxicity
What is the term used to describe the specific organs that are most affected by a particular toxic substance?
Target organs of toxicity
What is the consequence of inhaling irritant materials or ingesting caustic substances?
Either local or systemic effects
Through which route can chemicals such as aniline and hydrogen cyanide penetrate the body?
Skin
What is the most important factor in determining the adverse effects of a toxic substance?
Dose of the substance
What is the characteristic of most chemicals that produce systemic toxicity?
They produce major toxicity in one or two organs only
Learn the basics of toxicology, the study of poisons, including the definition of a poison, toxins, and toxicity. Get familiar with the World Health Organization's (WHO) four toxicity classes. Test your knowledge of pharmaceutical toxicology!
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