Pharmaceutical Toxicology: Understanding Poisons and Toxicity
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Questions and Answers

What type of toxicity occurs when a normal cell undergoes irreversible changes due to mutation of cellular genes?

  • Subchronic toxicity
  • Chronic toxicity
  • Initiation (correct)
  • Developmental toxicity
  • What is the term for the uncontrolled growth of cells that can invade adjacent tissues or migrate to distant sites?

  • Malignant tumors (correct)
  • Cirrhosis
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Benign tumors
  • What is the term for the adverse toxic effects on the developing embryo or fetus?

  • Chronic toxicity
  • Subchronic toxicity
  • Developmental toxicity (correct)
  • Carcinogenicity
  • What is the result of the mutation of cellular genes that control normal cell functions?

    <p>Abnormal cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cumulative damage to specific organ systems that takes many months or years to become a recognizable clinical disease?

    <p>Chronic toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of carcinogenicity where initiated cells are stimulated to progress to cancer?

    <p>Promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of poisons?

    <p>Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances that are produced naturally and can cause adverse effects on other organisms?

    <p>Toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which systemic effects of toxic substances are produced?

    <p>Absorption and distribution of the toxicant from the entry point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization, which class of toxicity includes substances such as NSAIDs?

    <p>Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the interaction of two chemicals that produces an effect equal to the sum of the effects of each agent?

    <p>Additive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degree to which a substance is poisonous or can cause injury?

    <p>Toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the specific organs that are most affected by a particular toxic substance?

    <p>Target organs of toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inhaling irritant materials or ingesting caustic substances?

    <p>Either local or systemic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which route can chemicals such as aniline and hydrogen cyanide penetrate the body?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor in determining the adverse effects of a toxic substance?

    <p>Dose of the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of most chemicals that produce systemic toxicity?

    <p>They produce major toxicity in one or two organs only</p> Signup and view all the answers

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